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Casting a wider net: Immunosurveillance by nonclassical MHC molecules

Most studies of T lymphocytes focus on recognition of classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I or II molecules presenting oligopeptides, yet there are numerous variations and exceptions of biological significance based on recognition of a wide variety of nonclassical MHC molecules. T...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: D’Souza, M. Patricia, Adams, Erin, Altman, John D., Birnbaum, Michael E., Boggiano, Cesar, Casorati, Giulia, Chien, Yueh-hsiu, Conley, Anthony, Eckle, Sidonia Barbara Guiomar, Früh, Klaus, Gondré-Lewis, Timothy, Hassan, Namir, Huang, Huang, Jayashankar, Lakshmi, Kasmar, Anne G., Kunwar, Nina, Lavelle, Judith, Lewinsohn, David M., Moody, Branch, Picker, Louis, Ramachandra, Lakshmi, Shastri, Nilabh, Parham, Peter, McMichael, Andrew J., Yewdell, Jonathan W.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6383864/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30789961
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007567
Descripción
Sumario:Most studies of T lymphocytes focus on recognition of classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I or II molecules presenting oligopeptides, yet there are numerous variations and exceptions of biological significance based on recognition of a wide variety of nonclassical MHC molecules. These include αβ and γδ T cells that recognize different class Ib molecules (CD1, MR-1, HLA-E, G, F, et al.) that are nearly monomorphic within a given species. Collectively, these T cells can be considered “unconventional,” in part because they recognize lipids, metabolites, and modified peptides. Unlike classical MHC-specific cells, unconventional T cells generally exhibit limited T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) repertoires and often produce innate immune cell-like rapid effector responses. Exploiting this system in new generation vaccines for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis (TB), other infectious agents, and cancer was the focus of a recent workshop, “Immune Surveillance by Non-classical MHC Molecules: Improving Diversity for Antigens,” sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Here, we summarize salient points presented regarding the basic immunobiology of unconventional T cells, recent advances in methodologies to measure unconventional T-cell activity in diseases, and approaches to harness their considerable clinical potential.