Effects of poling and crystallinity on the dielectric properties of Pb(In(1/2)Nb(1/2))O(3)-Pb(Mg(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3)-PbTiO(3) at cryogenic temperatures

The mechanisms underlying the anomalously large, room temperature piezoelectric activity of relaxor-PbTiO(3) type single crystals have previously been linked to low temperature relaxations in the piezoelectric and dielectric properties. We investigate the properties of Pb(In(1/2)Nb(1/2))O(3)-Pb(Mg(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3)-PbTiO(3) between 10 and 300 K using dielectric permittivity measurements. We compare results on single crystal plates measured in the [001] and [111] directions with a polycrystalline ceramic of the same composition. Poled crystals have very different behaviour to unpoled crystals, whereas the dielectric spectrum of the polycrystalline ceramic changes very little on poling. A large, frequency dependent dielectric relaxation is seen in the poled [001] crystal around 100 K. The relaxation is much less prominent in the [111] cut crystal, and is not present in the polycrystalline ceramic. The unique presence of the large relaxation in poled, [001] oriented crystals indicates that the phenomenon is not due their relaxor nature alone. We propose that heterophase dynamics such as the motion of phase domain boundaries are responsible for both the anomalous electromechanical and dielectric behaviour.