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Bacterial release from pipe biofilm in a full-scale drinking water distribution system

Safe drinking water is delivered to the consumer through kilometres of pipes. These pipes are lined with biofilm, which is thought to affect water quality by releasing bacteria into the drinking water. This study describes the number of cells released from this biofilm, their cellular characteristic...

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Autores principales: Chan, Sandy, Pullerits, Kristjan, Keucken, Alexander, Persson, Kenneth M., Paul, Catherine J., Rådström, Peter
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6385293/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30820334
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41522-019-0082-9
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author Chan, Sandy
Pullerits, Kristjan
Keucken, Alexander
Persson, Kenneth M.
Paul, Catherine J.
Rådström, Peter
author_facet Chan, Sandy
Pullerits, Kristjan
Keucken, Alexander
Persson, Kenneth M.
Paul, Catherine J.
Rådström, Peter
author_sort Chan, Sandy
collection PubMed
description Safe drinking water is delivered to the consumer through kilometres of pipes. These pipes are lined with biofilm, which is thought to affect water quality by releasing bacteria into the drinking water. This study describes the number of cells released from this biofilm, their cellular characteristics, and their identity as they shaped a drinking water microbiome. Installation of ultrafiltration (UF) at full scale in Varberg, Sweden reduced the total cell count to 1.5 × 10(3) ± 0.5 × 10(3) cells mL(−1) in water leaving the treatment plant. This removed a limitation of both flow cytometry and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, which have difficulties in resolving small changes against a high background cell count. Following installation, 58% of the bacteria in the distributed water originated from the pipe biofilm, in contrast to before, when 99.5% of the cells originated from the treatment plant, showing that UF shifts the origin of the drinking water microbiome. The number of bacteria released from the biofilm into the distributed water was 2.1 × 10(3) ± 1.3 × 10(3) cells mL(−1) and the percentage of HNA (high nucleic acid) content bacteria and intact cells increased as it moved through the distribution system. DESeq2 analysis of 16S rRNA amplicon reads showed increases in 29 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), including genera identified as Sphingomonas, Nitrospira, Mycobacterium, and Hyphomicrobium. This study demonstrated that, due to the installation of UF, the bacteria entering a drinking water microbiome from a pipe biofilm could be both quantitated and described.
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spelling pubmed-63852932019-02-28 Bacterial release from pipe biofilm in a full-scale drinking water distribution system Chan, Sandy Pullerits, Kristjan Keucken, Alexander Persson, Kenneth M. Paul, Catherine J. Rådström, Peter NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes Article Safe drinking water is delivered to the consumer through kilometres of pipes. These pipes are lined with biofilm, which is thought to affect water quality by releasing bacteria into the drinking water. This study describes the number of cells released from this biofilm, their cellular characteristics, and their identity as they shaped a drinking water microbiome. Installation of ultrafiltration (UF) at full scale in Varberg, Sweden reduced the total cell count to 1.5 × 10(3) ± 0.5 × 10(3) cells mL(−1) in water leaving the treatment plant. This removed a limitation of both flow cytometry and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, which have difficulties in resolving small changes against a high background cell count. Following installation, 58% of the bacteria in the distributed water originated from the pipe biofilm, in contrast to before, when 99.5% of the cells originated from the treatment plant, showing that UF shifts the origin of the drinking water microbiome. The number of bacteria released from the biofilm into the distributed water was 2.1 × 10(3) ± 1.3 × 10(3) cells mL(−1) and the percentage of HNA (high nucleic acid) content bacteria and intact cells increased as it moved through the distribution system. DESeq2 analysis of 16S rRNA amplicon reads showed increases in 29 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), including genera identified as Sphingomonas, Nitrospira, Mycobacterium, and Hyphomicrobium. This study demonstrated that, due to the installation of UF, the bacteria entering a drinking water microbiome from a pipe biofilm could be both quantitated and described. Nature Publishing Group UK 2019-02-22 /pmc/articles/PMC6385293/ /pubmed/30820334 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41522-019-0082-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Chan, Sandy
Pullerits, Kristjan
Keucken, Alexander
Persson, Kenneth M.
Paul, Catherine J.
Rådström, Peter
Bacterial release from pipe biofilm in a full-scale drinking water distribution system
title Bacterial release from pipe biofilm in a full-scale drinking water distribution system
title_full Bacterial release from pipe biofilm in a full-scale drinking water distribution system
title_fullStr Bacterial release from pipe biofilm in a full-scale drinking water distribution system
title_full_unstemmed Bacterial release from pipe biofilm in a full-scale drinking water distribution system
title_short Bacterial release from pipe biofilm in a full-scale drinking water distribution system
title_sort bacterial release from pipe biofilm in a full-scale drinking water distribution system
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6385293/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30820334
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41522-019-0082-9
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