Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma or oncocytoma: a manner of challenge in frozen section diagnosis

Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare type of kidney neoplasm that is diagnosed in the 6th decade of life with similar incidence in male and female. We reported a case of 73-year-old man with a chief complaint of nocturia, frequency, dribbling and urinary retention with renal mass in ultrasound examination. Histologic examination and immunohistochemistry study revealed the diagnosis of chromophobe RCC which initially was mistaken for oncocytoma in frozen section diagnosis. The pathologist should be aware of this malignant entity and be cautious in diagnosing oncocytoma in frozen section and routine H & E staining.