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Nitric Oxide and the Neuroendocrine Control of the Osmotic Stress Response in Teleosts

The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the modulation of teleost osmoresponsive circuits is suggested by the facts that NO synthase enzymes are expressed in the neurosecretory systems and may be regulated by osmotic stimuli. The present paper is an overview on the research suggesting a role for NO...

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Autores principales: Cioni, Carla, Angiulli, Elisa, Toni, Mattia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6386840/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30678131
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030489
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author Cioni, Carla
Angiulli, Elisa
Toni, Mattia
author_facet Cioni, Carla
Angiulli, Elisa
Toni, Mattia
author_sort Cioni, Carla
collection PubMed
description The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the modulation of teleost osmoresponsive circuits is suggested by the facts that NO synthase enzymes are expressed in the neurosecretory systems and may be regulated by osmotic stimuli. The present paper is an overview on the research suggesting a role for NO in the central modulation of hormone release in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial and the caudal neurosecretory systems of teleosts during the osmotic stress response. Active NOS enzymes are constitutively expressed by the magnocellular and parvocellular hypophysiotropic neurons and the caudal neurosecretory neurons of teleosts. Moreover, their expression may be regulated in response to the osmotic challenge. Available data suggests that the regulatory role of NO appeared early during vertebrate phylogeny and the neuroendocrine modulation by NO is conservative. Nonetheless, NO seems to have opposite effects in fish compared to mammals. Indeed, NO exerts excitatory effects on the electrical activity of the caudal neurosecretory neurons, influencing the amount of peptides released from the urophysis, while it inhibits hormone release from the magnocellular neurons in mammals.
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spelling pubmed-63868402019-02-27 Nitric Oxide and the Neuroendocrine Control of the Osmotic Stress Response in Teleosts Cioni, Carla Angiulli, Elisa Toni, Mattia Int J Mol Sci Review The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the modulation of teleost osmoresponsive circuits is suggested by the facts that NO synthase enzymes are expressed in the neurosecretory systems and may be regulated by osmotic stimuli. The present paper is an overview on the research suggesting a role for NO in the central modulation of hormone release in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial and the caudal neurosecretory systems of teleosts during the osmotic stress response. Active NOS enzymes are constitutively expressed by the magnocellular and parvocellular hypophysiotropic neurons and the caudal neurosecretory neurons of teleosts. Moreover, their expression may be regulated in response to the osmotic challenge. Available data suggests that the regulatory role of NO appeared early during vertebrate phylogeny and the neuroendocrine modulation by NO is conservative. Nonetheless, NO seems to have opposite effects in fish compared to mammals. Indeed, NO exerts excitatory effects on the electrical activity of the caudal neurosecretory neurons, influencing the amount of peptides released from the urophysis, while it inhibits hormone release from the magnocellular neurons in mammals. MDPI 2019-01-23 /pmc/articles/PMC6386840/ /pubmed/30678131 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030489 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Cioni, Carla
Angiulli, Elisa
Toni, Mattia
Nitric Oxide and the Neuroendocrine Control of the Osmotic Stress Response in Teleosts
title Nitric Oxide and the Neuroendocrine Control of the Osmotic Stress Response in Teleosts
title_full Nitric Oxide and the Neuroendocrine Control of the Osmotic Stress Response in Teleosts
title_fullStr Nitric Oxide and the Neuroendocrine Control of the Osmotic Stress Response in Teleosts
title_full_unstemmed Nitric Oxide and the Neuroendocrine Control of the Osmotic Stress Response in Teleosts
title_short Nitric Oxide and the Neuroendocrine Control of the Osmotic Stress Response in Teleosts
title_sort nitric oxide and the neuroendocrine control of the osmotic stress response in teleosts
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6386840/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30678131
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030489
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