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The Potassium Channel Odyssey: Mechanisms of Traffic and Membrane Arrangement

Ion channels are transmembrane proteins that conduct specific ions across biological membranes. Ion channels are present at the onset of many cellular processes, and their malfunction triggers severe pathologies. Potassium channels (KChs) share a highly conserved signature that is necessary to condu...

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Autores principales: Capera, Jesusa, Serrano-Novillo, Clara, Navarro-Pérez, María, Cassinelli, Silvia, Felipe, Antonio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6386995/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30744118
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030734
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author Capera, Jesusa
Serrano-Novillo, Clara
Navarro-Pérez, María
Cassinelli, Silvia
Felipe, Antonio
author_facet Capera, Jesusa
Serrano-Novillo, Clara
Navarro-Pérez, María
Cassinelli, Silvia
Felipe, Antonio
author_sort Capera, Jesusa
collection PubMed
description Ion channels are transmembrane proteins that conduct specific ions across biological membranes. Ion channels are present at the onset of many cellular processes, and their malfunction triggers severe pathologies. Potassium channels (KChs) share a highly conserved signature that is necessary to conduct K(+) through the pore region. To be functional, KChs require an exquisite regulation of their subcellular location and abundance. A wide repertoire of signatures facilitates the proper targeting of the channel, fine-tuning the balance that determines traffic and location. These signature motifs can be part of the secondary or tertiary structure of the protein and are spread throughout the entire sequence. Furthermore, the association of the pore-forming subunits with different ancillary proteins forms functional complexes. These partners can modulate traffic and activity by adding their own signatures as well as by exposing or masking the existing ones. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) add a further dimension to traffic regulation. Therefore, the fate of a KCh is not fully dependent on a gene sequence but on the balance of many other factors regulating traffic. In this review, we assemble recent evidence contributing to our understanding of the spatial expression of KChs in mammalian cells. We compile specific signatures, PTMs, and associations that govern the destination of a functional channel.
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spelling pubmed-63869952019-02-27 The Potassium Channel Odyssey: Mechanisms of Traffic and Membrane Arrangement Capera, Jesusa Serrano-Novillo, Clara Navarro-Pérez, María Cassinelli, Silvia Felipe, Antonio Int J Mol Sci Review Ion channels are transmembrane proteins that conduct specific ions across biological membranes. Ion channels are present at the onset of many cellular processes, and their malfunction triggers severe pathologies. Potassium channels (KChs) share a highly conserved signature that is necessary to conduct K(+) through the pore region. To be functional, KChs require an exquisite regulation of their subcellular location and abundance. A wide repertoire of signatures facilitates the proper targeting of the channel, fine-tuning the balance that determines traffic and location. These signature motifs can be part of the secondary or tertiary structure of the protein and are spread throughout the entire sequence. Furthermore, the association of the pore-forming subunits with different ancillary proteins forms functional complexes. These partners can modulate traffic and activity by adding their own signatures as well as by exposing or masking the existing ones. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) add a further dimension to traffic regulation. Therefore, the fate of a KCh is not fully dependent on a gene sequence but on the balance of many other factors regulating traffic. In this review, we assemble recent evidence contributing to our understanding of the spatial expression of KChs in mammalian cells. We compile specific signatures, PTMs, and associations that govern the destination of a functional channel. MDPI 2019-02-09 /pmc/articles/PMC6386995/ /pubmed/30744118 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030734 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Capera, Jesusa
Serrano-Novillo, Clara
Navarro-Pérez, María
Cassinelli, Silvia
Felipe, Antonio
The Potassium Channel Odyssey: Mechanisms of Traffic and Membrane Arrangement
title The Potassium Channel Odyssey: Mechanisms of Traffic and Membrane Arrangement
title_full The Potassium Channel Odyssey: Mechanisms of Traffic and Membrane Arrangement
title_fullStr The Potassium Channel Odyssey: Mechanisms of Traffic and Membrane Arrangement
title_full_unstemmed The Potassium Channel Odyssey: Mechanisms of Traffic and Membrane Arrangement
title_short The Potassium Channel Odyssey: Mechanisms of Traffic and Membrane Arrangement
title_sort potassium channel odyssey: mechanisms of traffic and membrane arrangement
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6386995/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30744118
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030734
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