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Skin Sensitization Testing—What’s Next?
There is an increasing demand for alternative in vitro methods to replace animal testing, and, to succeed, new methods are required to be at least as accurate as existing in vivo tests. However, skin sensitization is a complex process requiring coordinated and tightly regulated interactions between...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6387141/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30720708 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030666 |
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author | Grundström, Gunilla Borrebaeck, Carl A.K. |
author_facet | Grundström, Gunilla Borrebaeck, Carl A.K. |
author_sort | Grundström, Gunilla |
collection | PubMed |
description | There is an increasing demand for alternative in vitro methods to replace animal testing, and, to succeed, new methods are required to be at least as accurate as existing in vivo tests. However, skin sensitization is a complex process requiring coordinated and tightly regulated interactions between a variety of cells and molecules. Consequently, there is considerable difficulty in reproducing this level of biological complexity in vitro, and as a result the development of non-animal methods has posed a major challenge. However, with the use of a relevant biological system, the high information content of whole genome expression, and comprehensive bioinformatics, assays for most complex biological processes can be achieved. We propose that the Genomic Allergen Rapid Detection (GARD™) assay, developed to create a holistic data-driven in vitro model with high informational content, could be such an example. Based on the genomic expression of a mature human dendritic cell line and state-of-the-art machine learning techniques, GARD™ can today accurately predict skin sensitizers and correctly categorize skin sensitizing potency. Consequently, by utilizing advanced processing tools in combination with high information genomic or proteomic data, we can take the next step toward alternative methods with the same predictive accuracy as today’s in vivo methods—and beyond. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6387141 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-63871412019-02-27 Skin Sensitization Testing—What’s Next? Grundström, Gunilla Borrebaeck, Carl A.K. Int J Mol Sci Commentary There is an increasing demand for alternative in vitro methods to replace animal testing, and, to succeed, new methods are required to be at least as accurate as existing in vivo tests. However, skin sensitization is a complex process requiring coordinated and tightly regulated interactions between a variety of cells and molecules. Consequently, there is considerable difficulty in reproducing this level of biological complexity in vitro, and as a result the development of non-animal methods has posed a major challenge. However, with the use of a relevant biological system, the high information content of whole genome expression, and comprehensive bioinformatics, assays for most complex biological processes can be achieved. We propose that the Genomic Allergen Rapid Detection (GARD™) assay, developed to create a holistic data-driven in vitro model with high informational content, could be such an example. Based on the genomic expression of a mature human dendritic cell line and state-of-the-art machine learning techniques, GARD™ can today accurately predict skin sensitizers and correctly categorize skin sensitizing potency. Consequently, by utilizing advanced processing tools in combination with high information genomic or proteomic data, we can take the next step toward alternative methods with the same predictive accuracy as today’s in vivo methods—and beyond. MDPI 2019-02-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6387141/ /pubmed/30720708 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030666 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Commentary Grundström, Gunilla Borrebaeck, Carl A.K. Skin Sensitization Testing—What’s Next? |
title | Skin Sensitization Testing—What’s Next? |
title_full | Skin Sensitization Testing—What’s Next? |
title_fullStr | Skin Sensitization Testing—What’s Next? |
title_full_unstemmed | Skin Sensitization Testing—What’s Next? |
title_short | Skin Sensitization Testing—What’s Next? |
title_sort | skin sensitization testing—what’s next? |
topic | Commentary |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6387141/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30720708 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030666 |
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