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Risk Factors for Baseball-Related Arm Injuries: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND: Contributing factors for arm injuries among baseball players have been described. However, no review has systematically identified risk factors with findings from prospective cohort studies. PURPOSE: To systematically review prospective cohort studies that investigated risk factors for a...

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Autores principales: Agresta, Cristine E., Krieg, Kevin, Freehill, Michael T.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6390229/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30828579
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119825557
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author Agresta, Cristine E.
Krieg, Kevin
Freehill, Michael T.
author_facet Agresta, Cristine E.
Krieg, Kevin
Freehill, Michael T.
author_sort Agresta, Cristine E.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Contributing factors for arm injuries among baseball players have been described. However, no review has systematically identified risk factors with findings from prospective cohort studies. PURPOSE: To systematically review prospective cohort studies that investigated risk factors for arm injury among baseball players. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: Electronic databases were searched for relevant English-language studies. Titles, abstracts, and full-text articles were screened by 2 blinded reviewers to identify only prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials. Two independent investigators screened each article for appropriate criteria. RESULTS: Fourteen prospective articles were selected for this review. Youth, high school, and professional baseball players (N = 2426) were pooled, and 43 risk factors were assessed in relation to general arm, shoulder, and elbow injuries. All studies evaluated players for at least 1 season. Deficits in preseason shoulder range of motion and strength were significant risk factors for general arm or shoulder injury among high school and professional players. Elbow and shoulder varus torque at peak external shoulder rotation during pitching, high pitch velocity, and shoulder rotational and flexion deficits were risk factors for elbow injuries among professional pitchers. Pitching >100 innings in 1 year, being aged 9 to 11 years, being a pitcher or catcher, training >16 hours per week, and having a history of elbow pain were significant risk factors for elbow injury among youth players. CONCLUSION: History of elbow pain and age had a high risk of associated elbow injury among youth players. Training or pitching load also increased elbow injury risk for youth athletes. Loss of shoulder range of motion appears to increase risk for elbow injury among professional athletes. Single time-point data collections per season, studies with the same sample population, and studies with self-reported injury and risk factor data may limit the interpretation of these findings. Health care professionals should use caution when assessing injury risk during evaluation and making decisions about the training workload and playing time of baseball players.
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spelling pubmed-63902292019-03-01 Risk Factors for Baseball-Related Arm Injuries: A Systematic Review Agresta, Cristine E. Krieg, Kevin Freehill, Michael T. Orthop J Sports Med Article BACKGROUND: Contributing factors for arm injuries among baseball players have been described. However, no review has systematically identified risk factors with findings from prospective cohort studies. PURPOSE: To systematically review prospective cohort studies that investigated risk factors for arm injury among baseball players. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: Electronic databases were searched for relevant English-language studies. Titles, abstracts, and full-text articles were screened by 2 blinded reviewers to identify only prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials. Two independent investigators screened each article for appropriate criteria. RESULTS: Fourteen prospective articles were selected for this review. Youth, high school, and professional baseball players (N = 2426) were pooled, and 43 risk factors were assessed in relation to general arm, shoulder, and elbow injuries. All studies evaluated players for at least 1 season. Deficits in preseason shoulder range of motion and strength were significant risk factors for general arm or shoulder injury among high school and professional players. Elbow and shoulder varus torque at peak external shoulder rotation during pitching, high pitch velocity, and shoulder rotational and flexion deficits were risk factors for elbow injuries among professional pitchers. Pitching >100 innings in 1 year, being aged 9 to 11 years, being a pitcher or catcher, training >16 hours per week, and having a history of elbow pain were significant risk factors for elbow injury among youth players. CONCLUSION: History of elbow pain and age had a high risk of associated elbow injury among youth players. Training or pitching load also increased elbow injury risk for youth athletes. Loss of shoulder range of motion appears to increase risk for elbow injury among professional athletes. Single time-point data collections per season, studies with the same sample population, and studies with self-reported injury and risk factor data may limit the interpretation of these findings. Health care professionals should use caution when assessing injury risk during evaluation and making decisions about the training workload and playing time of baseball players. SAGE Publications 2019-02-25 /pmc/articles/PMC6390229/ /pubmed/30828579 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119825557 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work as published without adaptation or alteration, without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Article
Agresta, Cristine E.
Krieg, Kevin
Freehill, Michael T.
Risk Factors for Baseball-Related Arm Injuries: A Systematic Review
title Risk Factors for Baseball-Related Arm Injuries: A Systematic Review
title_full Risk Factors for Baseball-Related Arm Injuries: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr Risk Factors for Baseball-Related Arm Injuries: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed Risk Factors for Baseball-Related Arm Injuries: A Systematic Review
title_short Risk Factors for Baseball-Related Arm Injuries: A Systematic Review
title_sort risk factors for baseball-related arm injuries: a systematic review
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6390229/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30828579
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119825557
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