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Water-Use Efficiency: Advances and Challenges in a Changing Climate

Water use efficiency (WUE) is defined as the amount of carbon assimilated as biomass or grain produced per unit of water used by the crop. One of the primary questions being asked is how plants will respond to a changing climate with changes in temperature, precipitation, and carbon dioxide (CO(2))...

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Autores principales: Hatfield, Jerry L., Dold, Christian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6390371/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30838006
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00103
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author Hatfield, Jerry L.
Dold, Christian
author_facet Hatfield, Jerry L.
Dold, Christian
author_sort Hatfield, Jerry L.
collection PubMed
description Water use efficiency (WUE) is defined as the amount of carbon assimilated as biomass or grain produced per unit of water used by the crop. One of the primary questions being asked is how plants will respond to a changing climate with changes in temperature, precipitation, and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) that affect their WUE At the leaf level, increasing CO(2) increases WUE until the leaf is exposed to temperatures exceeded the optimum for growth (i.e., heat stress) and then WUE begins to decline. Leaves subjected to water deficits (i.e., drought stress) show varying responses in WUE. The response of WUE at the leaf level is directly related to the physiological processes controlling the gradients of CO(2) and H(2)O, e.g., leaf:air vapor pressure deficits, between the leaf and air surrounding the leaf. There a variety of methods available to screen genetic material for enhanced WUE under scenarios of climate change. When we extend from the leaf to the canopy, then the dynamics of crop water use and biomass accumulation have to consider soil water evaporation rate, transpiration from the leaves, and the growth pattern of the crop. Enhancing WUE at the canopy level can be achieved by adopting practices that reduce the soil water evaporation component and divert more water into transpiration which can be through crop residue management, mulching, row spacing, and irrigation. Climate change will affect plant growth, but we have opportunities to enhance WUE through crop selection and cultural practices to offset the impact of a changing climate.
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spelling pubmed-63903712019-03-05 Water-Use Efficiency: Advances and Challenges in a Changing Climate Hatfield, Jerry L. Dold, Christian Front Plant Sci Plant Science Water use efficiency (WUE) is defined as the amount of carbon assimilated as biomass or grain produced per unit of water used by the crop. One of the primary questions being asked is how plants will respond to a changing climate with changes in temperature, precipitation, and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) that affect their WUE At the leaf level, increasing CO(2) increases WUE until the leaf is exposed to temperatures exceeded the optimum for growth (i.e., heat stress) and then WUE begins to decline. Leaves subjected to water deficits (i.e., drought stress) show varying responses in WUE. The response of WUE at the leaf level is directly related to the physiological processes controlling the gradients of CO(2) and H(2)O, e.g., leaf:air vapor pressure deficits, between the leaf and air surrounding the leaf. There a variety of methods available to screen genetic material for enhanced WUE under scenarios of climate change. When we extend from the leaf to the canopy, then the dynamics of crop water use and biomass accumulation have to consider soil water evaporation rate, transpiration from the leaves, and the growth pattern of the crop. Enhancing WUE at the canopy level can be achieved by adopting practices that reduce the soil water evaporation component and divert more water into transpiration which can be through crop residue management, mulching, row spacing, and irrigation. Climate change will affect plant growth, but we have opportunities to enhance WUE through crop selection and cultural practices to offset the impact of a changing climate. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-02-19 /pmc/articles/PMC6390371/ /pubmed/30838006 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00103 Text en Copyright © 2019 Hatfield and Dold. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Hatfield, Jerry L.
Dold, Christian
Water-Use Efficiency: Advances and Challenges in a Changing Climate
title Water-Use Efficiency: Advances and Challenges in a Changing Climate
title_full Water-Use Efficiency: Advances and Challenges in a Changing Climate
title_fullStr Water-Use Efficiency: Advances and Challenges in a Changing Climate
title_full_unstemmed Water-Use Efficiency: Advances and Challenges in a Changing Climate
title_short Water-Use Efficiency: Advances and Challenges in a Changing Climate
title_sort water-use efficiency: advances and challenges in a changing climate
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6390371/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30838006
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00103
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