Superior mediastinal typical carcinoid detected by (99m)Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT imaging: A case report

RATIONALE: This is a rare case of mediastinal typical carcinoid tumor with elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) and hypercalcemia detected by (99m)Tc -methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile((99m)Tc-MIBI) single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 65-year-old male patient presented with hypercalcemia and elevated PTH. DIAGNOSES: The preoperative diagnosis was ectopic parathyroid adenoma in the right superior mediastinum. INTERVENTIONS: We performed endoscopic removal of the mass in the superior mediastinum. OUTCOMES: Histopathology and immunohistochemistry revealed typical carcinoid. LESSONS: The differential diagnosis of mediastinal tumors with elevated PTH detected by (99m)Tc-MIBI dual-phase imaging should include ectopic parathyroid adenoma as well as carcinoid.