The hepatectomy efficacy of huge hepatocellular carcinoma and its risk factors: A meta analysis

BACKGROUND: There has always been a controversy on the hepatectomy for huge hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, we aim to explore the hepatectomy efficacy of huge HCC and its risk factors. METHODS: A systematic research was performed using PubMed, MedLine, Web of Knowledge, and Cochrane Library from their establishment to August 2017. The major endpoints were overall survival (OS) rate and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate, and the secondary ones were the morbidity of complications and mortality of hepatectomy. RESULTS: About 13 studies with a total of 7609 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The hepatectomy efficacy of huge HCC was inferior to non-huge HCC both in OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.90–2.50, P < .00001; I(2) = 66%, P = .003) and RFS (HR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.76–2.19, P < .00001; I(2) = 74%, P = .0001). However, the risk difference[RD] of the 1-year, 3-year and 5-year OS tended to be acceptable (RD = −0.05, 95% CI = −0.11–0.00, P = .05; RD = −0.13, 95% CI = −0.21–−0.05, P = .002; RD = −0.10, 95% CI = −0.19–−0.01, P = .03; respectively). Moreover, there were also no significant differences between huge HCC and non-huge HCC in the morbidity of complication and mortality of hepatectomy (RD = 0.07, 95% CI = −0.09–0.23, P = .38; RD = −0.01, 95% CI = −0.00–−0.03, P = .06; respectively). Related risk factors were measured to explore the differences, and the results showed that the level of alpha fetal protein (AFP) and the margin-positive rate were higher (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.26–0.88, P = .0003; odd radio[OR] = 32.52, 95% CI = 1.02–6.22, P = .04; respectively), the characteristic of huge HCC tended to be worse such as lower clinical or pathological stage, incomplete capsule and incorporate satellite metastases (OR = 2.91, 95% CI = 1.68–5.04, P = .001; OR = 3.99, 95% CI = 3.40–4.67, P < .00001; OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.66–3.83, P < .0001; respectively), and the rate of micorvascular invasion (MVI) including portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) were higher (OR = 3.36, 95% CI = 1.61–7.02, P = .001; OR = 2.75, 95% CI = 2.29–3.31, P < .00001; respectively) in the huge HCC. CONCLUSION: The hepatectomy efficacy of huge HCC was inferior to non-huge HCC, but its survival benefits and feasibility were confirmed in this meta-analysis. In addition, higher level of AFP, positive margin, lower clinical or pathological stage, incomplete capsule, incorporate satellite metastasis and MVI were significantly correlated with poor OS.