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The Role of Radiation Oncology in Immuno‐Oncology

Despite the promising efficacy of immunotherapy in some patients, many other patients are resistant. The synergistic effect of radiotherapy (RT) in combination with immunotherapy reported in case reports and clinical trials has piqued the interest of radiologists in investigating the underlying mech...

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Autores principales: Meng, Xiangjiao, Feng, Rui, Yang, Lian, Xing, Ligang, Yu, Jinming
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6394774/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30819830
http://dx.doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2019-IO-S1-s04
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author Meng, Xiangjiao
Feng, Rui
Yang, Lian
Xing, Ligang
Yu, Jinming
author_facet Meng, Xiangjiao
Feng, Rui
Yang, Lian
Xing, Ligang
Yu, Jinming
author_sort Meng, Xiangjiao
collection PubMed
description Despite the promising efficacy of immunotherapy in some patients, many other patients are resistant. The synergistic effect of radiotherapy (RT) in combination with immunotherapy reported in case reports and clinical trials has piqued the interest of radiologists in investigating the underlying mechanisms and efficacy of the combination in preclinical and clinical trials. To date, the reported data are limited to small‐sized samples, trials lacking a comparison arm, and trials using diverse immunotherapies, various radiation doses, and fractionations. There are just a few studies comparing the efficacy of immunotherapy and radiotherapy to that of conventional therapies or different combinations. Radiologists should design and conduct clinical trials wisely to confirm the efficacy of the combination, particularly the abscopal effect, identify the best combination of various immunotherapeutic drugs and different radiation models for patients, identify the best sequence of the combination, determine the optimal timing of the combination, select the target site and volume, lower adverse effects, and explore predictive models to identify patients who may benefit from the combination therapy. We expect that these clinical trials performed by radiologists will offer definitive evidence for the wide use of the combination of RT and immunotherapy in clinical practice. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE. This review will provide an update on the use of a combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy, a cautious interpretation of preliminary results, and future directions for radiologists to perform well‐designed clinical trials.
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spelling pubmed-63947742019-03-06 The Role of Radiation Oncology in Immuno‐Oncology Meng, Xiangjiao Feng, Rui Yang, Lian Xing, Ligang Yu, Jinming Oncologist Radiation Oncology Despite the promising efficacy of immunotherapy in some patients, many other patients are resistant. The synergistic effect of radiotherapy (RT) in combination with immunotherapy reported in case reports and clinical trials has piqued the interest of radiologists in investigating the underlying mechanisms and efficacy of the combination in preclinical and clinical trials. To date, the reported data are limited to small‐sized samples, trials lacking a comparison arm, and trials using diverse immunotherapies, various radiation doses, and fractionations. There are just a few studies comparing the efficacy of immunotherapy and radiotherapy to that of conventional therapies or different combinations. Radiologists should design and conduct clinical trials wisely to confirm the efficacy of the combination, particularly the abscopal effect, identify the best combination of various immunotherapeutic drugs and different radiation models for patients, identify the best sequence of the combination, determine the optimal timing of the combination, select the target site and volume, lower adverse effects, and explore predictive models to identify patients who may benefit from the combination therapy. We expect that these clinical trials performed by radiologists will offer definitive evidence for the wide use of the combination of RT and immunotherapy in clinical practice. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE. This review will provide an update on the use of a combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy, a cautious interpretation of preliminary results, and future directions for radiologists to perform well‐designed clinical trials. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2019-02-28 2019-02 /pmc/articles/PMC6394774/ /pubmed/30819830 http://dx.doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2019-IO-S1-s04 Text en © AlphaMed Press 2019
spellingShingle Radiation Oncology
Meng, Xiangjiao
Feng, Rui
Yang, Lian
Xing, Ligang
Yu, Jinming
The Role of Radiation Oncology in Immuno‐Oncology
title The Role of Radiation Oncology in Immuno‐Oncology
title_full The Role of Radiation Oncology in Immuno‐Oncology
title_fullStr The Role of Radiation Oncology in Immuno‐Oncology
title_full_unstemmed The Role of Radiation Oncology in Immuno‐Oncology
title_short The Role of Radiation Oncology in Immuno‐Oncology
title_sort role of radiation oncology in immuno‐oncology
topic Radiation Oncology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6394774/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30819830
http://dx.doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2019-IO-S1-s04
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