Pulsed laser deposition of single-layer MoS(2) on Au(111): from nanosized crystals to large-area films

Molybdenum disulphide (MoS(2)) is a promising material for heterogeneous catalysis and novel two-dimensional (2D) optoelectronic devices. In this work, we synthesized single-layer (SL) MoS(2) structures on Au(111) by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. By controlling the PLD process, we were able to tune the sample morphology from low-coverage SL nanocrystals to large-area SL films uniformly wetting the whole substrate surface. We investigated the obtained MoS(2) structures at the nanometer and atomic scales by means of in situ scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) measurements, to study the interaction between SL MoS(2) and Au(111)—which for example influences MoS(2) lattice orientation—the structure of point defects and the formation of in-plane MoS(2)/Au heterojunctions. Raman spectroscopy, performed ex situ on large-area SL MoS(2), revealed significant modifications of the in-plane E(1)(2g) and out-of-plane A(1g) vibrational modes, possibly related to strain and doping effects. Charge transfer between SL MoS(2) and Au is also likely responsible for the total suppression of excitonic emission, observed by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy.