Pilot testing of an online training module about screening for acute HIV infection in adult patients seeking urgent healthcare

BACKGROUND: Acute HIV infection (AHI) is the phase of HIV infection immediately after acquisition, during which many patients develop symptoms and often seek healthcare. However, clinicians in sub-Saharan Africa are not currently taught about AHI. METHODS: This study pilot-tested a self-directed AHI training module among clinical officers (COs) in coastal Kenya and assessed knowledge gained and challenges to instituting screening. The training module included four domains: AHI definition and importance of AHI recognition; symptoms and screening algorithms; diagnostic strategies; and management. AHI knowledge was assessed before and immediately after training. Participants’ ability to utilize an AHI screening algorithm was evaluated with a case-based exercise. RESULTS: Self-directed training was completed by 45 COs. Pre-test scores were low (median score 35% IQR 30–45%), but improved significantly after training (median post-test score 75%, IQR 70–85%, Wilcoxon signed-rank test p<0.0001). Participants had challenges in understanding the utility and application of a screening algorithm to identify patients for whom AHI testing would be indicated. Knowledge of AHI was poor at baseline, but improved with self-directed learning. Based on these findings, we revised and improved the AHI training module and pre- and post-assessments, which are now freely available online at www.marps-africa.org. CONCLUSIONS: Guidelines on AHI screening and diagnosis are urgently needed in high HIV transmission areas.