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Age-related Autoimmune Changes in Lacrimal Glands
Aging is a complex process associated with dysregulation of the immune system and low levels of inflammation, often associated with the onset of many pathologies. The lacrimal gland (LG) plays a vital role in the maintenance of ocular physiology and changes related to aging directly affect eye disea...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Korean Association of Immunologists
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6399097/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30838158 http://dx.doi.org/10.4110/in.2019.19.e3 |
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author | de Souza, Rodrigo G. de Paiva, Cintia S. Alves, Milton R. |
author_facet | de Souza, Rodrigo G. de Paiva, Cintia S. Alves, Milton R. |
author_sort | de Souza, Rodrigo G. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Aging is a complex process associated with dysregulation of the immune system and low levels of inflammation, often associated with the onset of many pathologies. The lacrimal gland (LG) plays a vital role in the maintenance of ocular physiology and changes related to aging directly affect eye diseases. The dysregulation of the immune system in aging leads to quantitative and qualitative changes in antibodies and cytokines. While there is a gradual decline of the immune system, there is an increase in autoimmunity, with a reciprocal pathway between low levels of inflammation and aging mechanisms. Elderly C57BL/6J mice spontaneously show LGs infiltration that is characterized by Th1 but not Th17 cells. The aging of the LG is related to functional alterations, reduced innervation and decreased secretory activities. Lymphocytic infiltration, destruction, and atrophy of glandular parenchyma, ductal dilatation, and secretion of inflammatory mediators modify the volume and composition of tears. Oxidative stress, the capacity to metabolize and eliminate toxic substances decreased in aging, is also associated with the reduction of LG functionality and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Although further studies are required for a better understanding of autoimmunity and aging of the LG, we described anatomic and immunology aspects that have been described so far. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6399097 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | The Korean Association of Immunologists |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-63990972019-03-05 Age-related Autoimmune Changes in Lacrimal Glands de Souza, Rodrigo G. de Paiva, Cintia S. Alves, Milton R. Immune Netw Review Article Aging is a complex process associated with dysregulation of the immune system and low levels of inflammation, often associated with the onset of many pathologies. The lacrimal gland (LG) plays a vital role in the maintenance of ocular physiology and changes related to aging directly affect eye diseases. The dysregulation of the immune system in aging leads to quantitative and qualitative changes in antibodies and cytokines. While there is a gradual decline of the immune system, there is an increase in autoimmunity, with a reciprocal pathway between low levels of inflammation and aging mechanisms. Elderly C57BL/6J mice spontaneously show LGs infiltration that is characterized by Th1 but not Th17 cells. The aging of the LG is related to functional alterations, reduced innervation and decreased secretory activities. Lymphocytic infiltration, destruction, and atrophy of glandular parenchyma, ductal dilatation, and secretion of inflammatory mediators modify the volume and composition of tears. Oxidative stress, the capacity to metabolize and eliminate toxic substances decreased in aging, is also associated with the reduction of LG functionality and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Although further studies are required for a better understanding of autoimmunity and aging of the LG, we described anatomic and immunology aspects that have been described so far. The Korean Association of Immunologists 2019-02-27 /pmc/articles/PMC6399097/ /pubmed/30838158 http://dx.doi.org/10.4110/in.2019.19.e3 Text en Copyright © 2019. The Korean Association of Immunologists https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article de Souza, Rodrigo G. de Paiva, Cintia S. Alves, Milton R. Age-related Autoimmune Changes in Lacrimal Glands |
title | Age-related Autoimmune Changes in Lacrimal Glands |
title_full | Age-related Autoimmune Changes in Lacrimal Glands |
title_fullStr | Age-related Autoimmune Changes in Lacrimal Glands |
title_full_unstemmed | Age-related Autoimmune Changes in Lacrimal Glands |
title_short | Age-related Autoimmune Changes in Lacrimal Glands |
title_sort | age-related autoimmune changes in lacrimal glands |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6399097/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30838158 http://dx.doi.org/10.4110/in.2019.19.e3 |
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