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Continuous Flow Synthesis of High Valuable N-Heterocycles via Catalytic Conversion of Levulinic Acid

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C(3)N(4)) was successfully functionalized with a low platinum loading to give rise to an effective and stable catalytic material. The synthesized g-C(3)N(4)/Pt was fully characterized by XRD, N(2) physisorption, XPS, SEM-Mapping, and TEM techniques. Remarkably, XPS analys...

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Autores principales: Rodríguez-Padrón, Daily, Puente-Santiago, Alain R., Balu, Alina M., Muñoz-Batista, Mario J., Luque, Rafael
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6399384/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30863746
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2019.00103
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author Rodríguez-Padrón, Daily
Puente-Santiago, Alain R.
Balu, Alina M.
Muñoz-Batista, Mario J.
Luque, Rafael
author_facet Rodríguez-Padrón, Daily
Puente-Santiago, Alain R.
Balu, Alina M.
Muñoz-Batista, Mario J.
Luque, Rafael
author_sort Rodríguez-Padrón, Daily
collection PubMed
description Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C(3)N(4)) was successfully functionalized with a low platinum loading to give rise to an effective and stable catalytic material. The synthesized g-C(3)N(4)/Pt was fully characterized by XRD, N(2) physisorption, XPS, SEM-Mapping, and TEM techniques. Remarkably, XPS analysis revealed that Pt was in a dominant metallic state. In addition, XPS together with XRD and N(2) physisorption measurements indicated that the g-C(3)N(4) preserves its native structure after the platinum deposition process. g-C(3)N(4)/Pt was applied to the catalytic conversion of levulinic acid to N-heterocycles under continuous flow conditions. Reaction parameters (temperature, pressure, and concentration of levulinic acid) were studied using 3 levels for each parameter, and the best conditions were employed for the analysis of the catalyst's stability. The catalytic system displayed high selectivity to 1-ethyl-5-methylpyrrolidin-2-one and outstanding stability after 3 h of reaction.
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spelling pubmed-63993842019-03-12 Continuous Flow Synthesis of High Valuable N-Heterocycles via Catalytic Conversion of Levulinic Acid Rodríguez-Padrón, Daily Puente-Santiago, Alain R. Balu, Alina M. Muñoz-Batista, Mario J. Luque, Rafael Front Chem Chemistry Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C(3)N(4)) was successfully functionalized with a low platinum loading to give rise to an effective and stable catalytic material. The synthesized g-C(3)N(4)/Pt was fully characterized by XRD, N(2) physisorption, XPS, SEM-Mapping, and TEM techniques. Remarkably, XPS analysis revealed that Pt was in a dominant metallic state. In addition, XPS together with XRD and N(2) physisorption measurements indicated that the g-C(3)N(4) preserves its native structure after the platinum deposition process. g-C(3)N(4)/Pt was applied to the catalytic conversion of levulinic acid to N-heterocycles under continuous flow conditions. Reaction parameters (temperature, pressure, and concentration of levulinic acid) were studied using 3 levels for each parameter, and the best conditions were employed for the analysis of the catalyst's stability. The catalytic system displayed high selectivity to 1-ethyl-5-methylpyrrolidin-2-one and outstanding stability after 3 h of reaction. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-02-26 /pmc/articles/PMC6399384/ /pubmed/30863746 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2019.00103 Text en Copyright © 2019 Rodríguez-Padrón, Puente-Santiago, Balu, Muñoz-Batista and Luque. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Chemistry
Rodríguez-Padrón, Daily
Puente-Santiago, Alain R.
Balu, Alina M.
Muñoz-Batista, Mario J.
Luque, Rafael
Continuous Flow Synthesis of High Valuable N-Heterocycles via Catalytic Conversion of Levulinic Acid
title Continuous Flow Synthesis of High Valuable N-Heterocycles via Catalytic Conversion of Levulinic Acid
title_full Continuous Flow Synthesis of High Valuable N-Heterocycles via Catalytic Conversion of Levulinic Acid
title_fullStr Continuous Flow Synthesis of High Valuable N-Heterocycles via Catalytic Conversion of Levulinic Acid
title_full_unstemmed Continuous Flow Synthesis of High Valuable N-Heterocycles via Catalytic Conversion of Levulinic Acid
title_short Continuous Flow Synthesis of High Valuable N-Heterocycles via Catalytic Conversion of Levulinic Acid
title_sort continuous flow synthesis of high valuable n-heterocycles via catalytic conversion of levulinic acid
topic Chemistry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6399384/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30863746
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2019.00103
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