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Asymmetric division through a reduction of microtubule centering forces

Asymmetric divisions are essential for the generation of cell fate and size diversity. They implicate cortical domains where minus end–directed motors, such as dynein, are activated to pull on microtubules to decenter asters attached to centrosomes, nuclei, or spindles. In asymmetrically dividing ce...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Sallé, Jérémy, Xie, Jing, Ershov, Dmitry, Lacassin, Milan, Dmitrieff, Serge, Minc, Nicolas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Rockefeller University Press 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6400563/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30563876
http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201807102
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author Sallé, Jérémy
Xie, Jing
Ershov, Dmitry
Lacassin, Milan
Dmitrieff, Serge
Minc, Nicolas
author_facet Sallé, Jérémy
Xie, Jing
Ershov, Dmitry
Lacassin, Milan
Dmitrieff, Serge
Minc, Nicolas
author_sort Sallé, Jérémy
collection PubMed
description Asymmetric divisions are essential for the generation of cell fate and size diversity. They implicate cortical domains where minus end–directed motors, such as dynein, are activated to pull on microtubules to decenter asters attached to centrosomes, nuclei, or spindles. In asymmetrically dividing cells, aster decentration typically follows a centering phase, suggesting a time-dependent regulation in the competition between microtubule centering and decentering forces. Using symmetrically dividing sea urchin zygotes, we generated cortical domains of magnetic particles that spontaneously cluster endogenous dynein activity. These domains efficiently attract asters and nuclei, yielding marked asymmetric divisions. Remarkably, aster decentration only occurred after asters had first reached the cell center. Using intracellular force measurement and models, we demonstrate that this time-regulated imbalance results from a global reduction of centering forces rather than a local maturation of dynein activity at the domain. Those findings define a novel paradigm for the regulation of division asymmetry.
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spelling pubmed-64005632019-09-04 Asymmetric division through a reduction of microtubule centering forces Sallé, Jérémy Xie, Jing Ershov, Dmitry Lacassin, Milan Dmitrieff, Serge Minc, Nicolas J Cell Biol Research Articles Asymmetric divisions are essential for the generation of cell fate and size diversity. They implicate cortical domains where minus end–directed motors, such as dynein, are activated to pull on microtubules to decenter asters attached to centrosomes, nuclei, or spindles. In asymmetrically dividing cells, aster decentration typically follows a centering phase, suggesting a time-dependent regulation in the competition between microtubule centering and decentering forces. Using symmetrically dividing sea urchin zygotes, we generated cortical domains of magnetic particles that spontaneously cluster endogenous dynein activity. These domains efficiently attract asters and nuclei, yielding marked asymmetric divisions. Remarkably, aster decentration only occurred after asters had first reached the cell center. Using intracellular force measurement and models, we demonstrate that this time-regulated imbalance results from a global reduction of centering forces rather than a local maturation of dynein activity at the domain. Those findings define a novel paradigm for the regulation of division asymmetry. Rockefeller University Press 2019-03-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6400563/ /pubmed/30563876 http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201807102 Text en © 2019 Sallé et al. http://www.rupress.org/terms/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms/). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 4.0 International license, as described at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).
spellingShingle Research Articles
Sallé, Jérémy
Xie, Jing
Ershov, Dmitry
Lacassin, Milan
Dmitrieff, Serge
Minc, Nicolas
Asymmetric division through a reduction of microtubule centering forces
title Asymmetric division through a reduction of microtubule centering forces
title_full Asymmetric division through a reduction of microtubule centering forces
title_fullStr Asymmetric division through a reduction of microtubule centering forces
title_full_unstemmed Asymmetric division through a reduction of microtubule centering forces
title_short Asymmetric division through a reduction of microtubule centering forces
title_sort asymmetric division through a reduction of microtubule centering forces
topic Research Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6400563/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30563876
http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201807102
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