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Highly Efficient Flame Retardant Hybrid Composites Based on Calcium Alginate/Nano-Calcium Borate
Hybrid composites with low flammability based on renewable calcium alginate and nano-calcium borate were fabricated using an in situ method through a simple, eco-friendly vacuum drying process. The composites were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6403745/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30966659 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10060625 |
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author | Liu, Zhenhui Li, Zichao Zhao, Xihui Zhang, Lei Li, Qun |
author_facet | Liu, Zhenhui Li, Zichao Zhao, Xihui Zhang, Lei Li, Qun |
author_sort | Liu, Zhenhui |
collection | PubMed |
description | Hybrid composites with low flammability based on renewable calcium alginate and nano-calcium borate were fabricated using an in situ method through a simple, eco-friendly vacuum drying process. The composites were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The combustion behavior and flammability of the composites were assessed by using the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimetry (CONE) tests. The composites showed excellent thermal stability and achieved nonflammability with an LOI higher than 60. Pyrolysis was investigated using pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) and the results showed that fewer sorts of cracking products were produced from the hybrid composites compared with the calcium alginate. A possible thermal degradation mechanism of composites was proposed based on the experimental data. The combined results indicate that the calcium borate had a nano-effect, accumulating more freely in the hybrid composites and contributing significantly to both the solid phase and gas phase, resulting in an efficient improvement in the flame retardancy of the composites. Our study provides a novel material with promising potentiality for flame retardant applications. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6403745 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64037452019-04-02 Highly Efficient Flame Retardant Hybrid Composites Based on Calcium Alginate/Nano-Calcium Borate Liu, Zhenhui Li, Zichao Zhao, Xihui Zhang, Lei Li, Qun Polymers (Basel) Article Hybrid composites with low flammability based on renewable calcium alginate and nano-calcium borate were fabricated using an in situ method through a simple, eco-friendly vacuum drying process. The composites were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The combustion behavior and flammability of the composites were assessed by using the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimetry (CONE) tests. The composites showed excellent thermal stability and achieved nonflammability with an LOI higher than 60. Pyrolysis was investigated using pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) and the results showed that fewer sorts of cracking products were produced from the hybrid composites compared with the calcium alginate. A possible thermal degradation mechanism of composites was proposed based on the experimental data. The combined results indicate that the calcium borate had a nano-effect, accumulating more freely in the hybrid composites and contributing significantly to both the solid phase and gas phase, resulting in an efficient improvement in the flame retardancy of the composites. Our study provides a novel material with promising potentiality for flame retardant applications. MDPI 2018-06-06 /pmc/articles/PMC6403745/ /pubmed/30966659 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10060625 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Liu, Zhenhui Li, Zichao Zhao, Xihui Zhang, Lei Li, Qun Highly Efficient Flame Retardant Hybrid Composites Based on Calcium Alginate/Nano-Calcium Borate |
title | Highly Efficient Flame Retardant Hybrid Composites Based on Calcium Alginate/Nano-Calcium Borate |
title_full | Highly Efficient Flame Retardant Hybrid Composites Based on Calcium Alginate/Nano-Calcium Borate |
title_fullStr | Highly Efficient Flame Retardant Hybrid Composites Based on Calcium Alginate/Nano-Calcium Borate |
title_full_unstemmed | Highly Efficient Flame Retardant Hybrid Composites Based on Calcium Alginate/Nano-Calcium Borate |
title_short | Highly Efficient Flame Retardant Hybrid Composites Based on Calcium Alginate/Nano-Calcium Borate |
title_sort | highly efficient flame retardant hybrid composites based on calcium alginate/nano-calcium borate |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6403745/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30966659 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10060625 |
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