Anomalous Release Kinetics of Prodigiosin from Poly-N-Isopropyl-Acrylamid based Hydrogels for The Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer

This paper presents the anomalous release kinetics of a cancer drug (prodigiosin) frompoly-n-isopropyl-acrylamide (P(NIPA))-based gels. The release exponents, n, which correspond to the drug release mechanisms, were found to be between 0.41 and 1.40. This is within a range that include Fickian case I (n = 0.45) and non-Fickian diffusion (case II) (n > 0.45) for cylindrical drug-loaded structures. The results, however, suggest that the release exponents, n, correspond mostly to anomalous case II and super case II transport mechanics with sigmoidal characteristics. The drug release kinetics of the P(NIPA)-based hydrogels are well described by bi-dose functions. The observed drug release behavour is related to the porosity of the hydrogels, which can be controlled by cross-linking and copolymerization with acrylamide, which also improves the hydrophilicity of the gels. The paper also presents the effects of cancer drug release on cell survival (%), as well as the cell metabolic activities of treated cells and non-treated cells. The implications of the results are discussed for the development of implantable thermosensitive gels for the controlled release of drugs for localized cancer treatment.