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Phenology, mobility and behaviour of the arcto-alpine species Boloria napaea in its arctic habitat
Arctic and alpine environments present extreme, but different, challenges to survival. We therefore studied the ecological adaptation of the arctic-alpine fritillary Boloria napaea in northern Sweden and compared these results with the eastern Alps. Using mark-release-recapture, we analysed phenolog...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6405876/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30846780 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40508-7 |
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author | Ehl, Stefan Holzhauer, Stephanie I. J. Ryrholm, Nils Schmitt, Thomas |
author_facet | Ehl, Stefan Holzhauer, Stephanie I. J. Ryrholm, Nils Schmitt, Thomas |
author_sort | Ehl, Stefan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Arctic and alpine environments present extreme, but different, challenges to survival. We therefore studied the ecological adaptation of the arctic-alpine fritillary Boloria napaea in northern Sweden and compared these results with the eastern Alps. Using mark-release-recapture, we analysed phenology, mobility, activity patterns, change in wing condition and nectar sources. The phenology showed no protandry, but a longer flight period of the females. Wing conditions revealed a linear decay being quicker in males than females. The mean flight distances were higher for males than females (143 vs 92 m). In general, males were more flight active, while females invested more time in feeding and resting. The shortness of the flight period in the Arctic is apparently a particular adaptation to these harsh conditions, not even allowing protandry, and constraining all individuals to hatch during a short period. These conditions also forced the individuals to concentrate on flight and alimentation. In general, Arctic and Alpine populations of B. napaea show few differences, but the species seems to be even better adapted to the northern environments. Thus, the short temporal separation of these populations seems not to have been sufficient for a divergent adaptation in the southern mountains. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6405876 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64058762019-03-11 Phenology, mobility and behaviour of the arcto-alpine species Boloria napaea in its arctic habitat Ehl, Stefan Holzhauer, Stephanie I. J. Ryrholm, Nils Schmitt, Thomas Sci Rep Article Arctic and alpine environments present extreme, but different, challenges to survival. We therefore studied the ecological adaptation of the arctic-alpine fritillary Boloria napaea in northern Sweden and compared these results with the eastern Alps. Using mark-release-recapture, we analysed phenology, mobility, activity patterns, change in wing condition and nectar sources. The phenology showed no protandry, but a longer flight period of the females. Wing conditions revealed a linear decay being quicker in males than females. The mean flight distances were higher for males than females (143 vs 92 m). In general, males were more flight active, while females invested more time in feeding and resting. The shortness of the flight period in the Arctic is apparently a particular adaptation to these harsh conditions, not even allowing protandry, and constraining all individuals to hatch during a short period. These conditions also forced the individuals to concentrate on flight and alimentation. In general, Arctic and Alpine populations of B. napaea show few differences, but the species seems to be even better adapted to the northern environments. Thus, the short temporal separation of these populations seems not to have been sufficient for a divergent adaptation in the southern mountains. Nature Publishing Group UK 2019-03-07 /pmc/articles/PMC6405876/ /pubmed/30846780 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40508-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Ehl, Stefan Holzhauer, Stephanie I. J. Ryrholm, Nils Schmitt, Thomas Phenology, mobility and behaviour of the arcto-alpine species Boloria napaea in its arctic habitat |
title | Phenology, mobility and behaviour of the arcto-alpine species Boloria napaea in its arctic habitat |
title_full | Phenology, mobility and behaviour of the arcto-alpine species Boloria napaea in its arctic habitat |
title_fullStr | Phenology, mobility and behaviour of the arcto-alpine species Boloria napaea in its arctic habitat |
title_full_unstemmed | Phenology, mobility and behaviour of the arcto-alpine species Boloria napaea in its arctic habitat |
title_short | Phenology, mobility and behaviour of the arcto-alpine species Boloria napaea in its arctic habitat |
title_sort | phenology, mobility and behaviour of the arcto-alpine species boloria napaea in its arctic habitat |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6405876/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30846780 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40508-7 |
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