Cargando…
Rho-Family Small GTPases: From Highly Polarized Sensory Neurons to Cancer Cells
The small GTPases of the Rho-family (Rho-family GTPases) have various physiological functions, including cytoskeletal regulation, cell polarity establishment, cell proliferation and motility, transcription, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and tumorigenesis. A relatively large number of dow...
Autor principal: | |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6406560/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30696065 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8020092 |
_version_ | 1783401338115194880 |
---|---|
author | Ueyama, Takehiko |
author_facet | Ueyama, Takehiko |
author_sort | Ueyama, Takehiko |
collection | PubMed |
description | The small GTPases of the Rho-family (Rho-family GTPases) have various physiological functions, including cytoskeletal regulation, cell polarity establishment, cell proliferation and motility, transcription, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and tumorigenesis. A relatively large number of downstream targets of Rho-family GTPases have been reported for in vitro studies. However, only a small number of signal pathways have been established at the in vivo level. Cumulative evidence for the functions of Rho-family GTPases has been reported for in vivo studies using genetically engineered mouse models. It was based on different cell- and tissue-specific conditional genes targeting mice. In this review, we introduce recent advances in in vivo studies, including human patient trials on Rho-family GTPases, focusing on highly polarized sensory organs, such as the cochlea, which is the primary hearing organ, host defenses involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and tumorigenesis (especially associated with RAC, novel RAC1-GSPT1 signaling, RHOA, and RHOBTB2). |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6406560 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64065602019-03-19 Rho-Family Small GTPases: From Highly Polarized Sensory Neurons to Cancer Cells Ueyama, Takehiko Cells Review The small GTPases of the Rho-family (Rho-family GTPases) have various physiological functions, including cytoskeletal regulation, cell polarity establishment, cell proliferation and motility, transcription, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and tumorigenesis. A relatively large number of downstream targets of Rho-family GTPases have been reported for in vitro studies. However, only a small number of signal pathways have been established at the in vivo level. Cumulative evidence for the functions of Rho-family GTPases has been reported for in vivo studies using genetically engineered mouse models. It was based on different cell- and tissue-specific conditional genes targeting mice. In this review, we introduce recent advances in in vivo studies, including human patient trials on Rho-family GTPases, focusing on highly polarized sensory organs, such as the cochlea, which is the primary hearing organ, host defenses involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and tumorigenesis (especially associated with RAC, novel RAC1-GSPT1 signaling, RHOA, and RHOBTB2). MDPI 2019-01-28 /pmc/articles/PMC6406560/ /pubmed/30696065 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8020092 Text en © 2019 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Ueyama, Takehiko Rho-Family Small GTPases: From Highly Polarized Sensory Neurons to Cancer Cells |
title | Rho-Family Small GTPases: From Highly Polarized Sensory Neurons to Cancer Cells |
title_full | Rho-Family Small GTPases: From Highly Polarized Sensory Neurons to Cancer Cells |
title_fullStr | Rho-Family Small GTPases: From Highly Polarized Sensory Neurons to Cancer Cells |
title_full_unstemmed | Rho-Family Small GTPases: From Highly Polarized Sensory Neurons to Cancer Cells |
title_short | Rho-Family Small GTPases: From Highly Polarized Sensory Neurons to Cancer Cells |
title_sort | rho-family small gtpases: from highly polarized sensory neurons to cancer cells |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6406560/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30696065 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8020092 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT ueyamatakehiko rhofamilysmallgtpasesfromhighlypolarizedsensoryneuronstocancercells |