Cargando…
Molecular functions and clinical impact of thyroid hormone-triggered autophagy in liver-related diseases
The liver is controlled by several metabolic hormones, including thyroid hormone, and characteristically displays high lysosomal activity as well as metabolic stress-triggered autophagy, which is stringently regulated by the levels of hormones and metabolites. Hepatic autophagy provides energy throu...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2019
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6407245/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30849993 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12929-019-0517-x |
_version_ | 1783401507295592448 |
---|---|
author | Chi, Hsiang-Cheng Tsai, Chung-Ying Tsai, Ming-Ming Yeh, Chau-Ting Lin, Kwang-Huei |
author_facet | Chi, Hsiang-Cheng Tsai, Chung-Ying Tsai, Ming-Ming Yeh, Chau-Ting Lin, Kwang-Huei |
author_sort | Chi, Hsiang-Cheng |
collection | PubMed |
description | The liver is controlled by several metabolic hormones, including thyroid hormone, and characteristically displays high lysosomal activity as well as metabolic stress-triggered autophagy, which is stringently regulated by the levels of hormones and metabolites. Hepatic autophagy provides energy through catabolism of glucose, amino acids and free fatty acids for starved cells, facilitating the generation of new macromolecules and maintenance of the quantity and quality of cellular organelles, such as mitochondria. Dysregulation of autophagy and defective mitochondrial homeostasis contribute to hepatocyte injury and liver-related diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver cancer. Thyroid hormones (TH) mediate several critical physiological processes including organ development, cell differentiation, metabolism and cell growth and maintenance. Accumulating evidence has revealed dysregulation of cellular TH activity as the underlying cause of several liver-related diseases, including alcoholic or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver cancer. Data from epidemiologic, animal and clinical studies collectively support preventive functions of THs in liver-related diseases, highlighting the therapeutic potential of TH analogs. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms and downstream targets of TH should thus facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for a number of major public health issues. Here, we have reviewed recent studies focusing on the involvement of THs in hepatic homeostasis through induction of autophagy and their implications in liver-related diseases. Additionally, the potential underlying molecular pathways and therapeutic applications of THs in NAFLD and HCC are discussed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6407245 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64072452019-03-21 Molecular functions and clinical impact of thyroid hormone-triggered autophagy in liver-related diseases Chi, Hsiang-Cheng Tsai, Chung-Ying Tsai, Ming-Ming Yeh, Chau-Ting Lin, Kwang-Huei J Biomed Sci Review The liver is controlled by several metabolic hormones, including thyroid hormone, and characteristically displays high lysosomal activity as well as metabolic stress-triggered autophagy, which is stringently regulated by the levels of hormones and metabolites. Hepatic autophagy provides energy through catabolism of glucose, amino acids and free fatty acids for starved cells, facilitating the generation of new macromolecules and maintenance of the quantity and quality of cellular organelles, such as mitochondria. Dysregulation of autophagy and defective mitochondrial homeostasis contribute to hepatocyte injury and liver-related diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver cancer. Thyroid hormones (TH) mediate several critical physiological processes including organ development, cell differentiation, metabolism and cell growth and maintenance. Accumulating evidence has revealed dysregulation of cellular TH activity as the underlying cause of several liver-related diseases, including alcoholic or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver cancer. Data from epidemiologic, animal and clinical studies collectively support preventive functions of THs in liver-related diseases, highlighting the therapeutic potential of TH analogs. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms and downstream targets of TH should thus facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for a number of major public health issues. Here, we have reviewed recent studies focusing on the involvement of THs in hepatic homeostasis through induction of autophagy and their implications in liver-related diseases. Additionally, the potential underlying molecular pathways and therapeutic applications of THs in NAFLD and HCC are discussed. BioMed Central 2019-03-08 /pmc/articles/PMC6407245/ /pubmed/30849993 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12929-019-0517-x Text en © The Author(s). 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Review Chi, Hsiang-Cheng Tsai, Chung-Ying Tsai, Ming-Ming Yeh, Chau-Ting Lin, Kwang-Huei Molecular functions and clinical impact of thyroid hormone-triggered autophagy in liver-related diseases |
title | Molecular functions and clinical impact of thyroid hormone-triggered autophagy in liver-related diseases |
title_full | Molecular functions and clinical impact of thyroid hormone-triggered autophagy in liver-related diseases |
title_fullStr | Molecular functions and clinical impact of thyroid hormone-triggered autophagy in liver-related diseases |
title_full_unstemmed | Molecular functions and clinical impact of thyroid hormone-triggered autophagy in liver-related diseases |
title_short | Molecular functions and clinical impact of thyroid hormone-triggered autophagy in liver-related diseases |
title_sort | molecular functions and clinical impact of thyroid hormone-triggered autophagy in liver-related diseases |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6407245/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30849993 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12929-019-0517-x |
work_keys_str_mv | AT chihsiangcheng molecularfunctionsandclinicalimpactofthyroidhormonetriggeredautophagyinliverrelateddiseases AT tsaichungying molecularfunctionsandclinicalimpactofthyroidhormonetriggeredautophagyinliverrelateddiseases AT tsaimingming molecularfunctionsandclinicalimpactofthyroidhormonetriggeredautophagyinliverrelateddiseases AT yehchauting molecularfunctionsandclinicalimpactofthyroidhormonetriggeredautophagyinliverrelateddiseases AT linkwanghuei molecularfunctionsandclinicalimpactofthyroidhormonetriggeredautophagyinliverrelateddiseases |