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Estimating global trends in total and childhood antibiotic consumption, 2011-2015

INTRODUCTION: Understanding patterns of antibiotic consumption is essential to ensure access to appropriate antibiotics when needed and to minimise overuse, which can lead to antibiotic resistance. We aimed to describe changes in global antibiotic consumption between 2011 and 2015. METHODS: We analy...

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Autores principales: Jackson, Charlotte, Hsia, Yingfen, Bielicki, Julia A, Ellis, Sally, Stephens, Peter, Wong, Ian C K, Sharland, Mike
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6407570/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30899565
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001241
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author Jackson, Charlotte
Hsia, Yingfen
Bielicki, Julia A
Ellis, Sally
Stephens, Peter
Wong, Ian C K
Sharland, Mike
author_facet Jackson, Charlotte
Hsia, Yingfen
Bielicki, Julia A
Ellis, Sally
Stephens, Peter
Wong, Ian C K
Sharland, Mike
author_sort Jackson, Charlotte
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Understanding patterns of antibiotic consumption is essential to ensure access to appropriate antibiotics when needed and to minimise overuse, which can lead to antibiotic resistance. We aimed to describe changes in global antibiotic consumption between 2011 and 2015. METHODS: We analysed wholesale data on total antibiotic sales and antibiotics sold as child-appropriate formulations (CAFs), stratified by country income level (low/middle-income and high-income countries (LMICs and HICs)). The volume of antibiotics sold per year was recorded for 36 LMICs and 39 HICs, measured in standard units (SU: 1 SU is equivalent to a single tablet, capsule or 5 mL ampoule/vial/oral suspension) and SU per person, overall and as CAFs. Changes over time were quantified as percentage changes and compound annual growth rates in consumption per person. Analyses were conducted separately for total sales, sales of antibiotics in the Access and Watch groups of the WHO’s Essential Medicines List for children 2017, for amoxicillin and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. RESULTS: Antibiotic consumption increased slightly between 2011 and 2015, from 6.85×10(10) SU to 7.44×10(10) SU overall and from 1.66×10(10) SU to 1.78×10(10) SU for CAFs. However, trends differed between countries and for specific antibiotics; for example, consumption of amoxicillin as CAFs changed little in LMICs and HICs, but that of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid increased by 6.8% per year in LMICs and decreased by 1.0% per year in HICs. CONCLUSIONS: As measured in standard units in sales data, the rate of increase in global antibiotic consumption may be slowing. However, the trends appear to differ between countries and drugs. In the absence of routine surveillance of antibiotic use in many countries, these data provide important indicators of trends in consumption which should be confirmed in national and local studies of prescribing.
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spelling pubmed-64075702019-03-21 Estimating global trends in total and childhood antibiotic consumption, 2011-2015 Jackson, Charlotte Hsia, Yingfen Bielicki, Julia A Ellis, Sally Stephens, Peter Wong, Ian C K Sharland, Mike BMJ Glob Health Research INTRODUCTION: Understanding patterns of antibiotic consumption is essential to ensure access to appropriate antibiotics when needed and to minimise overuse, which can lead to antibiotic resistance. We aimed to describe changes in global antibiotic consumption between 2011 and 2015. METHODS: We analysed wholesale data on total antibiotic sales and antibiotics sold as child-appropriate formulations (CAFs), stratified by country income level (low/middle-income and high-income countries (LMICs and HICs)). The volume of antibiotics sold per year was recorded for 36 LMICs and 39 HICs, measured in standard units (SU: 1 SU is equivalent to a single tablet, capsule or 5 mL ampoule/vial/oral suspension) and SU per person, overall and as CAFs. Changes over time were quantified as percentage changes and compound annual growth rates in consumption per person. Analyses were conducted separately for total sales, sales of antibiotics in the Access and Watch groups of the WHO’s Essential Medicines List for children 2017, for amoxicillin and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. RESULTS: Antibiotic consumption increased slightly between 2011 and 2015, from 6.85×10(10) SU to 7.44×10(10) SU overall and from 1.66×10(10) SU to 1.78×10(10) SU for CAFs. However, trends differed between countries and for specific antibiotics; for example, consumption of amoxicillin as CAFs changed little in LMICs and HICs, but that of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid increased by 6.8% per year in LMICs and decreased by 1.0% per year in HICs. CONCLUSIONS: As measured in standard units in sales data, the rate of increase in global antibiotic consumption may be slowing. However, the trends appear to differ between countries and drugs. In the absence of routine surveillance of antibiotic use in many countries, these data provide important indicators of trends in consumption which should be confirmed in national and local studies of prescribing. BMJ Publishing Group 2019-02-27 /pmc/articles/PMC6407570/ /pubmed/30899565 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001241 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
spellingShingle Research
Jackson, Charlotte
Hsia, Yingfen
Bielicki, Julia A
Ellis, Sally
Stephens, Peter
Wong, Ian C K
Sharland, Mike
Estimating global trends in total and childhood antibiotic consumption, 2011-2015
title Estimating global trends in total and childhood antibiotic consumption, 2011-2015
title_full Estimating global trends in total and childhood antibiotic consumption, 2011-2015
title_fullStr Estimating global trends in total and childhood antibiotic consumption, 2011-2015
title_full_unstemmed Estimating global trends in total and childhood antibiotic consumption, 2011-2015
title_short Estimating global trends in total and childhood antibiotic consumption, 2011-2015
title_sort estimating global trends in total and childhood antibiotic consumption, 2011-2015
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6407570/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30899565
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001241
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