Head trauma complicated with primary cranial vault lymphoma: A case report

RATIONALE: Primary cranial vault lymphoma (PCVL) is an extremely rare extranodal lymphoma in the skull. This case study investigates the clinical features, so as to improve the understanding of the diagnosis and therapy. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 31-year-old male presented painful scalp mass at the site of 1-month-old head trauma. DIAGNOSIS: The final diagnosis was plasma cell lymphoma, which is a rare subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma based on biopsy and immunohistochemistry findings. INTERVENTIONS: The patient received total tumor resection in combination with chemotherapy OUTCOMES: The patient survived without signs of systemic dissemination for 12 months after surgery at the time of last follow-up. LESSONS: Trauma may be one of the factors that induce PCVL. The final diagnosis of PCVL depends on pathology and immunohistochemistry findings. A combined treatment of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy can achieve favorable outcomes.