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Recovery of Li(Ni(0.33)Mn(0.33)Co(0.33))O(2) from Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes: Aspects of Degradation

Nickel–manganese–cobalt oxides, with LiNi(0.33)Mn(0.33)Co(0.33)O(2) (NMC) as the most prominent compound, are state-of-the-art cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. The growing market for electro mobility has led to a growing global demand for Li, Co, Ni, and Mn, making s...

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Autores principales: Sieber, Tim, Ducke, Jana, Rietig, Anja, Langner, Thomas, Acker, Jörg
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6410026/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30759779
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9020246
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author Sieber, Tim
Ducke, Jana
Rietig, Anja
Langner, Thomas
Acker, Jörg
author_facet Sieber, Tim
Ducke, Jana
Rietig, Anja
Langner, Thomas
Acker, Jörg
author_sort Sieber, Tim
collection PubMed
description Nickel–manganese–cobalt oxides, with LiNi(0.33)Mn(0.33)Co(0.33)O(2) (NMC) as the most prominent compound, are state-of-the-art cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. The growing market for electro mobility has led to a growing global demand for Li, Co, Ni, and Mn, making spent lithium-ion batteries a valuable secondary resource. Going forward, energy- and resource-inefficient pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical recycling strategies must be avoided. We presented an approach to recover NMC particles from spent lithium-ion battery cathodes while preserving their chemical and morphological properties, with a minimal use of chemicals. The key task was the separation of the cathode coating layer consisting of NMC, an organic binder, and carbon black, from the Al substrate foil. This can be performed in water under strong agitation to support the slow detachment process. However, the contact of the NMC cathode with water leads to a release of Li(+) ions and a fast increase in the pH. Unwanted side reactions may occur as the Al substrate foil starts to dissolve and Al(OH)(3) precipitates on the NMC. These side reactions are avoided using pH-adjusted solutions with sufficiently high buffer capacities to separate the coating layer from the Al substrate, without precipitations and without degradation of the NMC particles.
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spelling pubmed-64100262019-03-11 Recovery of Li(Ni(0.33)Mn(0.33)Co(0.33))O(2) from Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes: Aspects of Degradation Sieber, Tim Ducke, Jana Rietig, Anja Langner, Thomas Acker, Jörg Nanomaterials (Basel) Article Nickel–manganese–cobalt oxides, with LiNi(0.33)Mn(0.33)Co(0.33)O(2) (NMC) as the most prominent compound, are state-of-the-art cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. The growing market for electro mobility has led to a growing global demand for Li, Co, Ni, and Mn, making spent lithium-ion batteries a valuable secondary resource. Going forward, energy- and resource-inefficient pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical recycling strategies must be avoided. We presented an approach to recover NMC particles from spent lithium-ion battery cathodes while preserving their chemical and morphological properties, with a minimal use of chemicals. The key task was the separation of the cathode coating layer consisting of NMC, an organic binder, and carbon black, from the Al substrate foil. This can be performed in water under strong agitation to support the slow detachment process. However, the contact of the NMC cathode with water leads to a release of Li(+) ions and a fast increase in the pH. Unwanted side reactions may occur as the Al substrate foil starts to dissolve and Al(OH)(3) precipitates on the NMC. These side reactions are avoided using pH-adjusted solutions with sufficiently high buffer capacities to separate the coating layer from the Al substrate, without precipitations and without degradation of the NMC particles. MDPI 2019-02-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6410026/ /pubmed/30759779 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9020246 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sieber, Tim
Ducke, Jana
Rietig, Anja
Langner, Thomas
Acker, Jörg
Recovery of Li(Ni(0.33)Mn(0.33)Co(0.33))O(2) from Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes: Aspects of Degradation
title Recovery of Li(Ni(0.33)Mn(0.33)Co(0.33))O(2) from Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes: Aspects of Degradation
title_full Recovery of Li(Ni(0.33)Mn(0.33)Co(0.33))O(2) from Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes: Aspects of Degradation
title_fullStr Recovery of Li(Ni(0.33)Mn(0.33)Co(0.33))O(2) from Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes: Aspects of Degradation
title_full_unstemmed Recovery of Li(Ni(0.33)Mn(0.33)Co(0.33))O(2) from Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes: Aspects of Degradation
title_short Recovery of Li(Ni(0.33)Mn(0.33)Co(0.33))O(2) from Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes: Aspects of Degradation
title_sort recovery of li(ni(0.33)mn(0.33)co(0.33))o(2) from lithium-ion battery cathodes: aspects of degradation
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6410026/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30759779
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9020246
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