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Realizing the Clinical Potential of Immunogenic Cell Death in Cancer Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy

Immunogenic cell death (ICD), which is triggered by exposure of tumor cells to a limited range of anticancer drugs, radiotherapy, and photodynamic therapy, represents a recent innovation in the revitalized and burgeoning field of oncoimmunnotherapy. ICD results in the cellular redistribution and ext...

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Autores principales: Rapoport, Bernardo L., Anderson, Ronald
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6412296/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30813267
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040959
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author Rapoport, Bernardo L.
Anderson, Ronald
author_facet Rapoport, Bernardo L.
Anderson, Ronald
author_sort Rapoport, Bernardo L.
collection PubMed
description Immunogenic cell death (ICD), which is triggered by exposure of tumor cells to a limited range of anticancer drugs, radiotherapy, and photodynamic therapy, represents a recent innovation in the revitalized and burgeoning field of oncoimmunnotherapy. ICD results in the cellular redistribution and extracellular release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which have the potential to activate and restore tumor-targeted immune responses. Although a convincing body of evidence exists with respect to the antitumor efficacy of ICD in various experimental systems, especially murine models of experimental anticancer immunotherapy, evidence for the existence of ICD in the clinical setting is less compelling. Following overviews of hallmark developments, which have sparked the revival of interest in the field of oncoimmunotherapy, types of tumor cell death and the various DAMPs most prominently involved in the activation of antitumor immune responses, the remainder of this review is focused on strategies which may potentiate ICD in the clinical setting. These include identification of tumor- and host-related factors predictive of the efficacy of ICD, the clinical utility of combinatorial immunotherapeutic strategies, novel small molecule inducers of ICD, novel and repurposed small molecule immunostimulants, as well as the critical requirement for validated biomarkers in predicting the efficacy of ICD.
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spelling pubmed-64122962019-04-05 Realizing the Clinical Potential of Immunogenic Cell Death in Cancer Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy Rapoport, Bernardo L. Anderson, Ronald Int J Mol Sci Review Immunogenic cell death (ICD), which is triggered by exposure of tumor cells to a limited range of anticancer drugs, radiotherapy, and photodynamic therapy, represents a recent innovation in the revitalized and burgeoning field of oncoimmunnotherapy. ICD results in the cellular redistribution and extracellular release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which have the potential to activate and restore tumor-targeted immune responses. Although a convincing body of evidence exists with respect to the antitumor efficacy of ICD in various experimental systems, especially murine models of experimental anticancer immunotherapy, evidence for the existence of ICD in the clinical setting is less compelling. Following overviews of hallmark developments, which have sparked the revival of interest in the field of oncoimmunotherapy, types of tumor cell death and the various DAMPs most prominently involved in the activation of antitumor immune responses, the remainder of this review is focused on strategies which may potentiate ICD in the clinical setting. These include identification of tumor- and host-related factors predictive of the efficacy of ICD, the clinical utility of combinatorial immunotherapeutic strategies, novel small molecule inducers of ICD, novel and repurposed small molecule immunostimulants, as well as the critical requirement for validated biomarkers in predicting the efficacy of ICD. MDPI 2019-02-22 /pmc/articles/PMC6412296/ /pubmed/30813267 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040959 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Rapoport, Bernardo L.
Anderson, Ronald
Realizing the Clinical Potential of Immunogenic Cell Death in Cancer Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy
title Realizing the Clinical Potential of Immunogenic Cell Death in Cancer Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy
title_full Realizing the Clinical Potential of Immunogenic Cell Death in Cancer Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy
title_fullStr Realizing the Clinical Potential of Immunogenic Cell Death in Cancer Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy
title_full_unstemmed Realizing the Clinical Potential of Immunogenic Cell Death in Cancer Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy
title_short Realizing the Clinical Potential of Immunogenic Cell Death in Cancer Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy
title_sort realizing the clinical potential of immunogenic cell death in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6412296/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30813267
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040959
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