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Botulinum Neurotoxin-A Injected Intrastriatally into Hemiparkinsonian Rats Improves the Initiation Time for Left and Right Forelimbs in Both Forehand and Backhand Directions
Forelimb stepping is a widely used test for the assessment of forelimb akinesia in hemiparkinsonian (hemi-PD) rats. The initiation time (IT) is considered the most sensitive parameter in the stepping test procedure. Here we propose a novel, reliable, and simple method for the measurement of IT of bo...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6412467/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30823527 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040992 |
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author | Antipova, Veronica Holzmann, Carsten Hawlitschka, Alexander Wree, Andreas |
author_facet | Antipova, Veronica Holzmann, Carsten Hawlitschka, Alexander Wree, Andreas |
author_sort | Antipova, Veronica |
collection | PubMed |
description | Forelimb stepping is a widely used test for the assessment of forelimb akinesia in hemiparkinsonian (hemi-PD) rats. The initiation time (IT) is considered the most sensitive parameter in the stepping test procedure. Here we propose a novel, reliable, and simple method for the measurement of IT of both forelimbs in both forehand and backhand directions in rats. Evaluating the same videos taken for quantifying adjusting steps, IT measurements were done without additional experiments. This is in contrast to the classical approach introduced by Olsson et al. (1995), in which separate experiments are necessary. We successfully applied our approach to hemi-PD rats intrastriatally treated with botulinum neurotoxin-A (BoNT-A). In naïve rats, an IT of about 0.62 s was found, and in right-sided hemi-PD rats the IT of the left forepaw increased to about 3.62 s. These hemi-PD rats showed, however, reduced ITs of the impaired left forepaws 1 month and the second time 7 months after induction of hemi-PD via the injection of 1 ng BoNT-A into the ipsilateral striatum, depending on post BoNT-A survival time. The method described offers the possibility of a precise and animal-friendly evaluation of IT in rats, including the beneficial effect of BoNT-A treatment in hemi-PD rats. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6412467 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64124672019-04-05 Botulinum Neurotoxin-A Injected Intrastriatally into Hemiparkinsonian Rats Improves the Initiation Time for Left and Right Forelimbs in Both Forehand and Backhand Directions Antipova, Veronica Holzmann, Carsten Hawlitschka, Alexander Wree, Andreas Int J Mol Sci Article Forelimb stepping is a widely used test for the assessment of forelimb akinesia in hemiparkinsonian (hemi-PD) rats. The initiation time (IT) is considered the most sensitive parameter in the stepping test procedure. Here we propose a novel, reliable, and simple method for the measurement of IT of both forelimbs in both forehand and backhand directions in rats. Evaluating the same videos taken for quantifying adjusting steps, IT measurements were done without additional experiments. This is in contrast to the classical approach introduced by Olsson et al. (1995), in which separate experiments are necessary. We successfully applied our approach to hemi-PD rats intrastriatally treated with botulinum neurotoxin-A (BoNT-A). In naïve rats, an IT of about 0.62 s was found, and in right-sided hemi-PD rats the IT of the left forepaw increased to about 3.62 s. These hemi-PD rats showed, however, reduced ITs of the impaired left forepaws 1 month and the second time 7 months after induction of hemi-PD via the injection of 1 ng BoNT-A into the ipsilateral striatum, depending on post BoNT-A survival time. The method described offers the possibility of a precise and animal-friendly evaluation of IT in rats, including the beneficial effect of BoNT-A treatment in hemi-PD rats. MDPI 2019-02-25 /pmc/articles/PMC6412467/ /pubmed/30823527 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040992 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Antipova, Veronica Holzmann, Carsten Hawlitschka, Alexander Wree, Andreas Botulinum Neurotoxin-A Injected Intrastriatally into Hemiparkinsonian Rats Improves the Initiation Time for Left and Right Forelimbs in Both Forehand and Backhand Directions |
title | Botulinum Neurotoxin-A Injected Intrastriatally into Hemiparkinsonian Rats Improves the Initiation Time for Left and Right Forelimbs in Both Forehand and Backhand Directions |
title_full | Botulinum Neurotoxin-A Injected Intrastriatally into Hemiparkinsonian Rats Improves the Initiation Time for Left and Right Forelimbs in Both Forehand and Backhand Directions |
title_fullStr | Botulinum Neurotoxin-A Injected Intrastriatally into Hemiparkinsonian Rats Improves the Initiation Time for Left and Right Forelimbs in Both Forehand and Backhand Directions |
title_full_unstemmed | Botulinum Neurotoxin-A Injected Intrastriatally into Hemiparkinsonian Rats Improves the Initiation Time for Left and Right Forelimbs in Both Forehand and Backhand Directions |
title_short | Botulinum Neurotoxin-A Injected Intrastriatally into Hemiparkinsonian Rats Improves the Initiation Time for Left and Right Forelimbs in Both Forehand and Backhand Directions |
title_sort | botulinum neurotoxin-a injected intrastriatally into hemiparkinsonian rats improves the initiation time for left and right forelimbs in both forehand and backhand directions |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6412467/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30823527 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040992 |
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