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Start Codon Recognition in Eukaryotic and Archaeal Translation Initiation: A Common Structural Core

Understanding molecular mechanisms of ribosomal translation sheds light on the emergence and evolution of protein synthesis in the three domains of life. Universally, ribosomal translation is described in three steps: initiation, elongation and termination. During initiation, a macromolecular comple...

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Autores principales: Schmitt, Emmanuelle, Coureux, Pierre-Damien, Monestier, Auriane, Dubiez, Etienne, Mechulam, Yves
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6412873/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30795538
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040939
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author Schmitt, Emmanuelle
Coureux, Pierre-Damien
Monestier, Auriane
Dubiez, Etienne
Mechulam, Yves
author_facet Schmitt, Emmanuelle
Coureux, Pierre-Damien
Monestier, Auriane
Dubiez, Etienne
Mechulam, Yves
author_sort Schmitt, Emmanuelle
collection PubMed
description Understanding molecular mechanisms of ribosomal translation sheds light on the emergence and evolution of protein synthesis in the three domains of life. Universally, ribosomal translation is described in three steps: initiation, elongation and termination. During initiation, a macromolecular complex assembled around the small ribosomal subunit selects the start codon on the mRNA and defines the open reading frame. In this review, we focus on the comparison of start codon selection mechanisms in eukaryotes and archaea. Eukaryotic translation initiation is a very complicated process, involving many initiation factors. The most widespread mechanism for the discovery of the start codon is the scanning of the mRNA by a pre-initiation complex until the first AUG codon in a correct context is found. In archaea, long-range scanning does not occur because of the presence of Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequences or of short 5′ untranslated regions. However, archaeal and eukaryotic translation initiations have three initiation factors in common: e/aIF1, e/aIF1A and e/aIF2 are directly involved in the selection of the start codon. Therefore, the idea that these archaeal and eukaryotic factors fulfill similar functions within a common structural ribosomal core complex has emerged. A divergence between eukaryotic and archaeal factors allowed for the adaptation to the long-range scanning process versus the SD mediated prepositioning of the ribosome.
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spelling pubmed-64128732019-03-29 Start Codon Recognition in Eukaryotic and Archaeal Translation Initiation: A Common Structural Core Schmitt, Emmanuelle Coureux, Pierre-Damien Monestier, Auriane Dubiez, Etienne Mechulam, Yves Int J Mol Sci Review Understanding molecular mechanisms of ribosomal translation sheds light on the emergence and evolution of protein synthesis in the three domains of life. Universally, ribosomal translation is described in three steps: initiation, elongation and termination. During initiation, a macromolecular complex assembled around the small ribosomal subunit selects the start codon on the mRNA and defines the open reading frame. In this review, we focus on the comparison of start codon selection mechanisms in eukaryotes and archaea. Eukaryotic translation initiation is a very complicated process, involving many initiation factors. The most widespread mechanism for the discovery of the start codon is the scanning of the mRNA by a pre-initiation complex until the first AUG codon in a correct context is found. In archaea, long-range scanning does not occur because of the presence of Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequences or of short 5′ untranslated regions. However, archaeal and eukaryotic translation initiations have three initiation factors in common: e/aIF1, e/aIF1A and e/aIF2 are directly involved in the selection of the start codon. Therefore, the idea that these archaeal and eukaryotic factors fulfill similar functions within a common structural ribosomal core complex has emerged. A divergence between eukaryotic and archaeal factors allowed for the adaptation to the long-range scanning process versus the SD mediated prepositioning of the ribosome. MDPI 2019-02-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6412873/ /pubmed/30795538 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040939 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Schmitt, Emmanuelle
Coureux, Pierre-Damien
Monestier, Auriane
Dubiez, Etienne
Mechulam, Yves
Start Codon Recognition in Eukaryotic and Archaeal Translation Initiation: A Common Structural Core
title Start Codon Recognition in Eukaryotic and Archaeal Translation Initiation: A Common Structural Core
title_full Start Codon Recognition in Eukaryotic and Archaeal Translation Initiation: A Common Structural Core
title_fullStr Start Codon Recognition in Eukaryotic and Archaeal Translation Initiation: A Common Structural Core
title_full_unstemmed Start Codon Recognition in Eukaryotic and Archaeal Translation Initiation: A Common Structural Core
title_short Start Codon Recognition in Eukaryotic and Archaeal Translation Initiation: A Common Structural Core
title_sort start codon recognition in eukaryotic and archaeal translation initiation: a common structural core
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6412873/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30795538
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040939
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