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Aberrant Calcium Signals in Reactive Astrocytes: A Key Process in Neurological Disorders

Astrocytes are abundant cells in the brain that regulate multiple aspects of neural tissue homeostasis by providing structural and metabolic support to neurons, maintaining synaptic environments and regulating blood flow. Recent evidence indicates that astrocytes also actively participate in brain f...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Shigetomi, Eiji, Saito, Kozo, Sano, Fumikazu, Koizumi, Schuichi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6413203/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30823575
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040996
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author Shigetomi, Eiji
Saito, Kozo
Sano, Fumikazu
Koizumi, Schuichi
author_facet Shigetomi, Eiji
Saito, Kozo
Sano, Fumikazu
Koizumi, Schuichi
author_sort Shigetomi, Eiji
collection PubMed
description Astrocytes are abundant cells in the brain that regulate multiple aspects of neural tissue homeostasis by providing structural and metabolic support to neurons, maintaining synaptic environments and regulating blood flow. Recent evidence indicates that astrocytes also actively participate in brain functions and play a key role in brain disease by responding to neuronal activities and brain insults. Astrocytes become reactive in response to injury and inflammation, which is typically described as hypertrophy with increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Reactive astrocytes are frequently found in many neurological disorders and are a hallmark of brain disease. Furthermore, reactive astrocytes may drive the initiation and progression of disease processes. Recent improvements in the methods to visualize the activity of reactive astrocytes in situ and in vivo have helped elucidate their functions. Ca(2+) signals in reactive astrocytes are closely related to multiple aspects of disease and can be a good indicator of disease severity/state. In this review, we summarize recent findings concerning reactive astrocyte Ca(2+) signals. We discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying aberrant Ca(2+) signals in reactive astrocytes and the functional significance of aberrant Ca(2+) signals in neurological disorders.
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spelling pubmed-64132032019-03-29 Aberrant Calcium Signals in Reactive Astrocytes: A Key Process in Neurological Disorders Shigetomi, Eiji Saito, Kozo Sano, Fumikazu Koizumi, Schuichi Int J Mol Sci Review Astrocytes are abundant cells in the brain that regulate multiple aspects of neural tissue homeostasis by providing structural and metabolic support to neurons, maintaining synaptic environments and regulating blood flow. Recent evidence indicates that astrocytes also actively participate in brain functions and play a key role in brain disease by responding to neuronal activities and brain insults. Astrocytes become reactive in response to injury and inflammation, which is typically described as hypertrophy with increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Reactive astrocytes are frequently found in many neurological disorders and are a hallmark of brain disease. Furthermore, reactive astrocytes may drive the initiation and progression of disease processes. Recent improvements in the methods to visualize the activity of reactive astrocytes in situ and in vivo have helped elucidate their functions. Ca(2+) signals in reactive astrocytes are closely related to multiple aspects of disease and can be a good indicator of disease severity/state. In this review, we summarize recent findings concerning reactive astrocyte Ca(2+) signals. We discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying aberrant Ca(2+) signals in reactive astrocytes and the functional significance of aberrant Ca(2+) signals in neurological disorders. MDPI 2019-02-25 /pmc/articles/PMC6413203/ /pubmed/30823575 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040996 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Shigetomi, Eiji
Saito, Kozo
Sano, Fumikazu
Koizumi, Schuichi
Aberrant Calcium Signals in Reactive Astrocytes: A Key Process in Neurological Disorders
title Aberrant Calcium Signals in Reactive Astrocytes: A Key Process in Neurological Disorders
title_full Aberrant Calcium Signals in Reactive Astrocytes: A Key Process in Neurological Disorders
title_fullStr Aberrant Calcium Signals in Reactive Astrocytes: A Key Process in Neurological Disorders
title_full_unstemmed Aberrant Calcium Signals in Reactive Astrocytes: A Key Process in Neurological Disorders
title_short Aberrant Calcium Signals in Reactive Astrocytes: A Key Process in Neurological Disorders
title_sort aberrant calcium signals in reactive astrocytes: a key process in neurological disorders
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6413203/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30823575
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040996
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