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A GC-MS Protocol for Separating Endangered and Non-endangered Pterocarpus Wood Species
Pterocarpus santalinus and Pterocarpus tincorius are commonly used traded timber species of the genus Pterocarpus. P. santalinus has been listed in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). As a non-CITES species, P. tincorius is also...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6413215/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30813336 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24040799 |
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author | Zhang, Maomao Zhao, Guangjie Guo, Juan Liu, Bo Jiang, Xiaomei Yin, Yafang |
author_facet | Zhang, Maomao Zhao, Guangjie Guo, Juan Liu, Bo Jiang, Xiaomei Yin, Yafang |
author_sort | Zhang, Maomao |
collection | PubMed |
description | Pterocarpus santalinus and Pterocarpus tincorius are commonly used traded timber species of the genus Pterocarpus. P. santalinus has been listed in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). As a non-CITES species, P. tincorius is also indiscriminately labeled as P. santalinus due to the similar macroscopic and microscopic features with P. santalinus. In order to understand the molecular discrimination between these easily confused species, xylarium heartwoods of these two species were extracted by three different kinds of solvents and analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Multivariate analyses were also applied for the selection of marker compounds that are distinctive between P. santalinus and P. tincorius. A total of twenty volatile compounds were detected and tentatively identified in three kinds of extracts, and these compounds included alcohols, stilbenoids, esters, aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, miscellaneous, phenols, and flavonoids. GC-MS analyses also revealed that extraction solvents including ethanol and water (EW), ethyl acetate (EA), and benzene–ethanol (BE) gave the best chemotaxonomical discrimination in the chemical components and relative contents of the two Pterocarpus species. After chemometric analyses, EW displayed higher predictive accuracy (100%) than those of EA extract (83.33%) and BE extract (83.33%). Furthermore, spathulenol (17.58 min) and pterostilbene (23.65 min) were elucidated as the critical compounds for the separation of the EW extracts of P. santalinus and P. tinctorius. Thus, a protocol of GC-MS and multivariate analyses was developed to use for successfully distinguishing P. santalinus from P. tinctorius. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6413215 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64132152019-03-29 A GC-MS Protocol for Separating Endangered and Non-endangered Pterocarpus Wood Species Zhang, Maomao Zhao, Guangjie Guo, Juan Liu, Bo Jiang, Xiaomei Yin, Yafang Molecules Article Pterocarpus santalinus and Pterocarpus tincorius are commonly used traded timber species of the genus Pterocarpus. P. santalinus has been listed in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). As a non-CITES species, P. tincorius is also indiscriminately labeled as P. santalinus due to the similar macroscopic and microscopic features with P. santalinus. In order to understand the molecular discrimination between these easily confused species, xylarium heartwoods of these two species were extracted by three different kinds of solvents and analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Multivariate analyses were also applied for the selection of marker compounds that are distinctive between P. santalinus and P. tincorius. A total of twenty volatile compounds were detected and tentatively identified in three kinds of extracts, and these compounds included alcohols, stilbenoids, esters, aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, miscellaneous, phenols, and flavonoids. GC-MS analyses also revealed that extraction solvents including ethanol and water (EW), ethyl acetate (EA), and benzene–ethanol (BE) gave the best chemotaxonomical discrimination in the chemical components and relative contents of the two Pterocarpus species. After chemometric analyses, EW displayed higher predictive accuracy (100%) than those of EA extract (83.33%) and BE extract (83.33%). Furthermore, spathulenol (17.58 min) and pterostilbene (23.65 min) were elucidated as the critical compounds for the separation of the EW extracts of P. santalinus and P. tinctorius. Thus, a protocol of GC-MS and multivariate analyses was developed to use for successfully distinguishing P. santalinus from P. tinctorius. MDPI 2019-02-22 /pmc/articles/PMC6413215/ /pubmed/30813336 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24040799 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Zhang, Maomao Zhao, Guangjie Guo, Juan Liu, Bo Jiang, Xiaomei Yin, Yafang A GC-MS Protocol for Separating Endangered and Non-endangered Pterocarpus Wood Species |
title | A GC-MS Protocol for Separating Endangered and Non-endangered Pterocarpus Wood Species |
title_full | A GC-MS Protocol for Separating Endangered and Non-endangered Pterocarpus Wood Species |
title_fullStr | A GC-MS Protocol for Separating Endangered and Non-endangered Pterocarpus Wood Species |
title_full_unstemmed | A GC-MS Protocol for Separating Endangered and Non-endangered Pterocarpus Wood Species |
title_short | A GC-MS Protocol for Separating Endangered and Non-endangered Pterocarpus Wood Species |
title_sort | gc-ms protocol for separating endangered and non-endangered pterocarpus wood species |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6413215/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30813336 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24040799 |
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