SNP Variation of RELN Gene and Schizophrenia in a Chinese Population: A Hospital-Based Case–Control Study

Aims: We aimed to explore whether RELN contributes to the vulnerability and severity of clinical symptoms of schizophrenia (SZ) in a Chinese population. Methods: The following were conducted in an adult Han Chinese population from southern China: case–control association analyses of 30 representative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were screened according to specific programs based on bioinformatics tools and former research and quantitative trait locus analyses with SNPs and psychiatric symptoms evaluated with the positive and negative symptoms scale. Results: A 4-SNP haplotype consisting of rs362814, rs39339, rs540058, and rs661575 was found to be significantly associated with SZ even after Bonferroni correction (χ(2) = 29.024, p = 6.42E-04, p(Bonf) = 0.017), and the T-C-T-C haplotype was a protective factor for SZ (OR = 0.050, 95% CI = 0.004–0.705). Moreover, the 4-SNP haplotype showed a significant association with G16 (active social avoidance) after false discovery rate correction (χ(2) = 28.620, p = 1.697E-04, p(FDR) = 0.025). In addition, P7 (hostility) was related to the haplotype comprising rs2229864, rs2535764, and rs262355 (χ(2) = 31.424, p = 2.103E-05, p(adjustment) = 0.019) in quantitative trait loci analyses. Conclusion: Overall, this study showed several positive associations between RELN and SZ, as well as psychiatric symptoms, which not only supports the proposition that RELN is a susceptibility gene for SZ but also provides information on a genotype-phenotype correlation for SZ in a Chinese population.