Hypothalamic gene transfer of BDNF promotes healthy aging in mice

The aging process and age‐related diseases all involve perturbed energy adaption and impaired ability to cope with adversity. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hypothalamus plays important role in regulation of energy balance. Our previous studies show that recombinant adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐mediated hypothalamic BDNF gene transfer alleviates obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndromes in both diet‐induced and genetic models. Here we examined the efficacy and safety of a built‐in autoregulatory system to control transgene BDNF expression mimicking the body's natural feedback systems in middle‐aged mice. Twelve‐month‐old mice were treated with either autoregulatory BDNF vector or yellow fluorescence protein (YFP) control, maintained on normal diet, and monitored for 28 weeks. BDNF gene transfer prevented the development of aging‐associated metabolic declines characterized by: preventing aging‐associated weight gain, reducing adiposity, reversing the decline of brown fat activity, increasing adiponectin while reducing leptin and insulin in circulation, improving glucose tolerance, increasing energy expenditure, alleviating hepatic steatosis, and suppressing inflammatory genes in the hypothalamus and adipose tissues. Moreover, BDNF treatment reduced anxiety‐like and depression‐like behaviors. These safety and efficacy data provide evidence that hypothalamic BDNF is a target for promoting healthy aging.