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Spatial distribution, prevalence and potential risk factors of Tungiasis in Vihiga County, Kenya

BACKGROUND: Tungiasis is a parasitic disease caused by the sand flea Tunga penetrans also known as jigger flea. Communities living in precarious conditions in tropical and sub tropical countries bear the brunt of the infection. The main objective of this study was to determine the burden of Tungiasi...

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Autores principales: Nyangacha, Ruth Monyenye, Odongo, David, Oyieke, Florence, Bii, Christine, Muniu, Erastus, Chasia, Stanley, Ochwoto, Missiani
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6413899/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30860992
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007244
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author Nyangacha, Ruth Monyenye
Odongo, David
Oyieke, Florence
Bii, Christine
Muniu, Erastus
Chasia, Stanley
Ochwoto, Missiani
author_facet Nyangacha, Ruth Monyenye
Odongo, David
Oyieke, Florence
Bii, Christine
Muniu, Erastus
Chasia, Stanley
Ochwoto, Missiani
author_sort Nyangacha, Ruth Monyenye
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Tungiasis is a parasitic disease caused by the sand flea Tunga penetrans also known as jigger flea. Communities living in precarious conditions in tropical and sub tropical countries bear the brunt of the infection. The main objective of this study was to determine the burden of Tungiasis in Vihiga County in Kenya. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 21 villages in 3 Sub-locations in Vihiga County, western Kenya. A total of 437 participants, 5 years old and above were clinically examined for the presence of tungiasis after consenting to take part in the study. Diagnosis was made following standard methods. A semi- structured questionnaire was administered to assess socio-demographic factors, housing, presence and ownership of animals, knowledge and practice related to tungiasis. Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate regression analysis. GIS was used to map the geographic distribution of tungiasis in the area. RESULTS: The overall prevalence was found to be (21.5%; 95% CI: 17.7–25.3%). The cases were analysed and visualized in a map form. Multivariate analysis suggested that the occurrence of tungiasis was associated with variables that indicated low economic status (like a monthly income of Ksh ≤ 1000 (adjusted odds ratio 27.85; 95% CI: 4.13–187.59), earthen floor (0.36; 0.13–1.024) and lack of toilet facilities (4.27; 0.82–22.34), age of participant ≤14 (27.414; 10.02–74.99), no regular use of closed footwear (1.98; 0.987–3.97) and common resting place inside the house (1.93; 0.96–3.89). CONCLUSIONS: Tungiasis is an important health problem in Vihiga County occasioned by the low economic status of the people affected. Factors that point to poverty contribute to the occurrence of tungiasis. These findings suggest a need to design control strategies for tungiasis that are cost effective and easily accessible.
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spelling pubmed-64138992019-04-02 Spatial distribution, prevalence and potential risk factors of Tungiasis in Vihiga County, Kenya Nyangacha, Ruth Monyenye Odongo, David Oyieke, Florence Bii, Christine Muniu, Erastus Chasia, Stanley Ochwoto, Missiani PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article BACKGROUND: Tungiasis is a parasitic disease caused by the sand flea Tunga penetrans also known as jigger flea. Communities living in precarious conditions in tropical and sub tropical countries bear the brunt of the infection. The main objective of this study was to determine the burden of Tungiasis in Vihiga County in Kenya. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 21 villages in 3 Sub-locations in Vihiga County, western Kenya. A total of 437 participants, 5 years old and above were clinically examined for the presence of tungiasis after consenting to take part in the study. Diagnosis was made following standard methods. A semi- structured questionnaire was administered to assess socio-demographic factors, housing, presence and ownership of animals, knowledge and practice related to tungiasis. Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate regression analysis. GIS was used to map the geographic distribution of tungiasis in the area. RESULTS: The overall prevalence was found to be (21.5%; 95% CI: 17.7–25.3%). The cases were analysed and visualized in a map form. Multivariate analysis suggested that the occurrence of tungiasis was associated with variables that indicated low economic status (like a monthly income of Ksh ≤ 1000 (adjusted odds ratio 27.85; 95% CI: 4.13–187.59), earthen floor (0.36; 0.13–1.024) and lack of toilet facilities (4.27; 0.82–22.34), age of participant ≤14 (27.414; 10.02–74.99), no regular use of closed footwear (1.98; 0.987–3.97) and common resting place inside the house (1.93; 0.96–3.89). CONCLUSIONS: Tungiasis is an important health problem in Vihiga County occasioned by the low economic status of the people affected. Factors that point to poverty contribute to the occurrence of tungiasis. These findings suggest a need to design control strategies for tungiasis that are cost effective and easily accessible. Public Library of Science 2019-03-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6413899/ /pubmed/30860992 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007244 Text en © 2019 Nyangacha et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Nyangacha, Ruth Monyenye
Odongo, David
Oyieke, Florence
Bii, Christine
Muniu, Erastus
Chasia, Stanley
Ochwoto, Missiani
Spatial distribution, prevalence and potential risk factors of Tungiasis in Vihiga County, Kenya
title Spatial distribution, prevalence and potential risk factors of Tungiasis in Vihiga County, Kenya
title_full Spatial distribution, prevalence and potential risk factors of Tungiasis in Vihiga County, Kenya
title_fullStr Spatial distribution, prevalence and potential risk factors of Tungiasis in Vihiga County, Kenya
title_full_unstemmed Spatial distribution, prevalence and potential risk factors of Tungiasis in Vihiga County, Kenya
title_short Spatial distribution, prevalence and potential risk factors of Tungiasis in Vihiga County, Kenya
title_sort spatial distribution, prevalence and potential risk factors of tungiasis in vihiga county, kenya
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6413899/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30860992
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007244
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