Does Delay to Theater Lead to Increased Infection Rates in Hand Trauma? A Retrospective Cohort Study

BACKGROUND: In an ideal health system, traumatic wounds would be surgically managed within 24 hours; however, resource constraints result in patients with open wounds commonly waiting much longer for surgery. Does this result in increased morbidity? This study compares infection rates over time for patients who received operative management of traumatic hand injuries. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was undertaken of patients admitted between July 2014 and June 2015 who presented within 24 hours of sustaining a hand injury and subsequently underwent operative repair. Patient and injury data were collected from arrival time at emergency departments across 3 Victorian metropolitan hospitals within the same network. Admission and outpatient follow-up of these patients was reviewed for signs of infection and treatment with antibiotics. RESULTS: Six hundred thirty-eight patients met inclusion criteria, 8 of the 429 patients treated within 24 hours of presentation developed an infection (1.86%) compared with 11 of the 209 patients treated after 24 hours of presentation (5.26%). Using Fisher’s exact analysis, a statistically significant association was identified (P = 0.024). An odds ratio of 2.924 was calculated, with a number needed to harm of 26. When time was analyzed as a continuous variable using logistic regression, there was no statistical significance. CONCLUSION: This study shows some evidence that a timing may be important to reduce the rates of infection and raises the possibility that there may be a double peak for infection risk at the 6-hour and 24-hour marks. This gives a basis of potential further study.