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X-Ray Nanotomography of Individual Pulp Fibre Bonds Reveals the Effect of Wall Thickness on Contact Area

Fibre bonds play an essential role in various properties of paper. Much research has focused on their strength, but the determination of the actual contact area also provides a challenge. Many of the research methods rely on optical tools, which are restricted by the wavelength of light that is util...

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Autores principales: Sormunen, T., Ketola, A., Miettinen, A., Parkkonen, J., Retulainen, E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6414511/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30862847
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37380-2
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author Sormunen, T.
Ketola, A.
Miettinen, A.
Parkkonen, J.
Retulainen, E.
author_facet Sormunen, T.
Ketola, A.
Miettinen, A.
Parkkonen, J.
Retulainen, E.
author_sort Sormunen, T.
collection PubMed
description Fibre bonds play an essential role in various properties of paper. Much research has focused on their strength, but the determination of the actual contact area also provides a challenge. Many of the research methods rely on optical tools, which are restricted by the wavelength of light that is utilised. Novel X-ray computed tomography devices utilise X-rays in studying the inner structure of materials, and surpass the optical methods in terms of resolution, allowing detection of even smaller details and variations in distance between the fibres in the bond intersection area. X-ray nanotomography was used to image 26 individual cellulose fibre bonds made of springwood and summerwood fibres of refined bleached softwood kraft pulp. Various dimensional properties of the bonds were measured, most importantly the relative contact area (apparent contact area/intersection area), whose values showed wide variation from 6.4 to 85% with an average of 57.7%. Although the summerwood bonds had a somewhat smaller intersection and contact area than springwood bonds, there were no significant differences in the relative contact area between the bond types. This suggests that the effect of relative and absolute contact area on the strength differences between bond types seems to be minor.
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spelling pubmed-64145112019-03-14 X-Ray Nanotomography of Individual Pulp Fibre Bonds Reveals the Effect of Wall Thickness on Contact Area Sormunen, T. Ketola, A. Miettinen, A. Parkkonen, J. Retulainen, E. Sci Rep Article Fibre bonds play an essential role in various properties of paper. Much research has focused on their strength, but the determination of the actual contact area also provides a challenge. Many of the research methods rely on optical tools, which are restricted by the wavelength of light that is utilised. Novel X-ray computed tomography devices utilise X-rays in studying the inner structure of materials, and surpass the optical methods in terms of resolution, allowing detection of even smaller details and variations in distance between the fibres in the bond intersection area. X-ray nanotomography was used to image 26 individual cellulose fibre bonds made of springwood and summerwood fibres of refined bleached softwood kraft pulp. Various dimensional properties of the bonds were measured, most importantly the relative contact area (apparent contact area/intersection area), whose values showed wide variation from 6.4 to 85% with an average of 57.7%. Although the summerwood bonds had a somewhat smaller intersection and contact area than springwood bonds, there were no significant differences in the relative contact area between the bond types. This suggests that the effect of relative and absolute contact area on the strength differences between bond types seems to be minor. Nature Publishing Group UK 2019-03-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6414511/ /pubmed/30862847 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37380-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Sormunen, T.
Ketola, A.
Miettinen, A.
Parkkonen, J.
Retulainen, E.
X-Ray Nanotomography of Individual Pulp Fibre Bonds Reveals the Effect of Wall Thickness on Contact Area
title X-Ray Nanotomography of Individual Pulp Fibre Bonds Reveals the Effect of Wall Thickness on Contact Area
title_full X-Ray Nanotomography of Individual Pulp Fibre Bonds Reveals the Effect of Wall Thickness on Contact Area
title_fullStr X-Ray Nanotomography of Individual Pulp Fibre Bonds Reveals the Effect of Wall Thickness on Contact Area
title_full_unstemmed X-Ray Nanotomography of Individual Pulp Fibre Bonds Reveals the Effect of Wall Thickness on Contact Area
title_short X-Ray Nanotomography of Individual Pulp Fibre Bonds Reveals the Effect of Wall Thickness on Contact Area
title_sort x-ray nanotomography of individual pulp fibre bonds reveals the effect of wall thickness on contact area
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6414511/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30862847
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37380-2
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