Normalized field autocorrelation function-based optical coherence tomography three-dimensional angiography

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has been widely used for en face visualization of the microvasculature, but is challenged for real three-dimensional (3-D) topologic imaging due to the “tail” artifacts that appear below large vessels. Further, OCTA is generally incapable of differentiating descending arterioles from ascending venules. We introduce a normalized field autocorrelation function-based OCTA ([Formula: see text]-OCTA), which minimizes the tail artifacts and is capable of distinguishing penetrating arterioles from venules in the 3-D image. [Formula: see text] is calculated from repeated optical coherence tomography (OCT) acquisitions for each spatial location. The decay amplitude of [Formula: see text] is retrieved to represent the dynamics for each voxel. To account for the small [Formula: see text] decay in capillaries where red blood cells are flowing slowly and discontinuously, Intralipid is injected to enhance the OCT signal. We demonstrate that the proposed technique realizes 3-D OCTA with negligible tail projections and the penetrating arteries are readily identified. In addition, compared to regular OCTA, the proposed [Formula: see text]-OCTA largely increased the depth-of-field. This technique provides a more accurate rendering of the vascular 3-D anatomy and has the potential for more quantitative characterization of vascular networks.