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Chitosan Based Self-Assembled Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery

Chitosan is a cationic polysaccharide that is usually obtained by alkaline deacetylation of chitin poly(N-acetylglucosamine). It is biocompatible, biodegradable, mucoadhesive, and non-toxic. These excellent biological properties make chitosan a good candidate for a platform in developing drug delive...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Quiñones, Javier Pérez, Peniche, Hazel, Peniche, Carlos
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6414940/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30966270
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10030235
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author Quiñones, Javier Pérez
Peniche, Hazel
Peniche, Carlos
author_facet Quiñones, Javier Pérez
Peniche, Hazel
Peniche, Carlos
author_sort Quiñones, Javier Pérez
collection PubMed
description Chitosan is a cationic polysaccharide that is usually obtained by alkaline deacetylation of chitin poly(N-acetylglucosamine). It is biocompatible, biodegradable, mucoadhesive, and non-toxic. These excellent biological properties make chitosan a good candidate for a platform in developing drug delivery systems having improved biodistribution, increased specificity and sensitivity, and reduced pharmacological toxicity. In particular, chitosan nanoparticles are found to be appropriate for non-invasive routes of drug administration: oral, nasal, pulmonary and ocular routes. These applications are facilitated by the absorption-enhancing effect of chitosan. Many procedures for obtaining chitosan nanoparticles have been proposed. Particularly, the introduction of hydrophobic moieties into chitosan molecules by grafting to generate a hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance promoting self-assembly is a current and appealing approach. The grafting agent can be a hydrophobic moiety forming micelles that can entrap lipophilic drugs or it can be the drug itself. Another suitable way to generate self-assembled chitosan nanoparticles is through the formation of polyelectrolyte complexes with polyanions. This paper reviews the main approaches for preparing chitosan nanoparticles by self-assembly through both procedures, and illustrates the state of the art of their application in drug delivery.
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spelling pubmed-64149402019-04-02 Chitosan Based Self-Assembled Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery Quiñones, Javier Pérez Peniche, Hazel Peniche, Carlos Polymers (Basel) Review Chitosan is a cationic polysaccharide that is usually obtained by alkaline deacetylation of chitin poly(N-acetylglucosamine). It is biocompatible, biodegradable, mucoadhesive, and non-toxic. These excellent biological properties make chitosan a good candidate for a platform in developing drug delivery systems having improved biodistribution, increased specificity and sensitivity, and reduced pharmacological toxicity. In particular, chitosan nanoparticles are found to be appropriate for non-invasive routes of drug administration: oral, nasal, pulmonary and ocular routes. These applications are facilitated by the absorption-enhancing effect of chitosan. Many procedures for obtaining chitosan nanoparticles have been proposed. Particularly, the introduction of hydrophobic moieties into chitosan molecules by grafting to generate a hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance promoting self-assembly is a current and appealing approach. The grafting agent can be a hydrophobic moiety forming micelles that can entrap lipophilic drugs or it can be the drug itself. Another suitable way to generate self-assembled chitosan nanoparticles is through the formation of polyelectrolyte complexes with polyanions. This paper reviews the main approaches for preparing chitosan nanoparticles by self-assembly through both procedures, and illustrates the state of the art of their application in drug delivery. MDPI 2018-02-26 /pmc/articles/PMC6414940/ /pubmed/30966270 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10030235 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Quiñones, Javier Pérez
Peniche, Hazel
Peniche, Carlos
Chitosan Based Self-Assembled Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery
title Chitosan Based Self-Assembled Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery
title_full Chitosan Based Self-Assembled Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery
title_fullStr Chitosan Based Self-Assembled Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery
title_full_unstemmed Chitosan Based Self-Assembled Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery
title_short Chitosan Based Self-Assembled Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery
title_sort chitosan based self-assembled nanoparticles in drug delivery
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6414940/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30966270
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10030235
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