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Food Groups and Risk of Overweight, Obesity, and Weight Gain: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

This meta-analysis summarizes the evidence of a prospective association between the intake of foods [whole grains, refined grains, vegetables, fruit, nuts, legumes, eggs, dairy, fish, red meat, processed meat, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs)] and risk of general overweight/obesity, abdominal ob...

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Autores principales: Schlesinger, Sabrina, Neuenschwander, Manuela, Schwedhelm, Carolina, Hoffmann, Georg, Bechthold, Angela, Boeing, Heiner, Schwingshackl, Lukas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6416048/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30801613
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmy092
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author Schlesinger, Sabrina
Neuenschwander, Manuela
Schwedhelm, Carolina
Hoffmann, Georg
Bechthold, Angela
Boeing, Heiner
Schwingshackl, Lukas
author_facet Schlesinger, Sabrina
Neuenschwander, Manuela
Schwedhelm, Carolina
Hoffmann, Georg
Bechthold, Angela
Boeing, Heiner
Schwingshackl, Lukas
author_sort Schlesinger, Sabrina
collection PubMed
description This meta-analysis summarizes the evidence of a prospective association between the intake of foods [whole grains, refined grains, vegetables, fruit, nuts, legumes, eggs, dairy, fish, red meat, processed meat, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs)] and risk of general overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, and weight gain. PubMed and Web of Science were searched for prospective observational studies until August 2018. Summary RRs and 95% CIs were estimated from 43 reports for the highest compared with the lowest intake categories, as well as for linear and nonlinear relations focusing on each outcome separately: overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, and weight gain. The quality of evidence was evaluated with use of the NutriGrade tool. In the dose-response meta-analysis, inverse associations were found for whole-grain (RR(overweight/obesity): 0.93; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.96), fruit (RR(overweight/obesity): 0.93; 95% CI: 0.86, 1.00; RR(weight gain): 0.91; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.97), nut (RR(abdominal obesity): 0.42; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.57), legume (RR(overweight/obesity): 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.93), and fish (RR(abdominal obesity): 0.83; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.97) consumption and positive associations were found for refined grains (RR(overweight/obesity): 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.10), red meat (RR(abdominal obesity): 1.10; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.16; RR(weight gain): 1.14; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.26), and SSBs (RR(overweight/obesity): 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.11; RR(abdominal obesity): 1.12; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.20). The dose-response meta-analytical findings provided very low to low quality of evidence that certain food groups have an impact on different measurements of adiposity risk. To improve the quality of evidence, better-designed observational studies, inclusion of intervention trials, and use of novel statistical methods (e.g., substitution analyses or network meta-analyses) are needed.
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spelling pubmed-64160482019-03-19 Food Groups and Risk of Overweight, Obesity, and Weight Gain: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies Schlesinger, Sabrina Neuenschwander, Manuela Schwedhelm, Carolina Hoffmann, Georg Bechthold, Angela Boeing, Heiner Schwingshackl, Lukas Adv Nutr Review This meta-analysis summarizes the evidence of a prospective association between the intake of foods [whole grains, refined grains, vegetables, fruit, nuts, legumes, eggs, dairy, fish, red meat, processed meat, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs)] and risk of general overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, and weight gain. PubMed and Web of Science were searched for prospective observational studies until August 2018. Summary RRs and 95% CIs were estimated from 43 reports for the highest compared with the lowest intake categories, as well as for linear and nonlinear relations focusing on each outcome separately: overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, and weight gain. The quality of evidence was evaluated with use of the NutriGrade tool. In the dose-response meta-analysis, inverse associations were found for whole-grain (RR(overweight/obesity): 0.93; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.96), fruit (RR(overweight/obesity): 0.93; 95% CI: 0.86, 1.00; RR(weight gain): 0.91; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.97), nut (RR(abdominal obesity): 0.42; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.57), legume (RR(overweight/obesity): 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.93), and fish (RR(abdominal obesity): 0.83; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.97) consumption and positive associations were found for refined grains (RR(overweight/obesity): 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.10), red meat (RR(abdominal obesity): 1.10; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.16; RR(weight gain): 1.14; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.26), and SSBs (RR(overweight/obesity): 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.11; RR(abdominal obesity): 1.12; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.20). The dose-response meta-analytical findings provided very low to low quality of evidence that certain food groups have an impact on different measurements of adiposity risk. To improve the quality of evidence, better-designed observational studies, inclusion of intervention trials, and use of novel statistical methods (e.g., substitution analyses or network meta-analyses) are needed. Oxford University Press 2019-03 2019-02-25 /pmc/articles/PMC6416048/ /pubmed/30801613 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmy092 Text en © 2019 American Society for Nutrition. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Review
Schlesinger, Sabrina
Neuenschwander, Manuela
Schwedhelm, Carolina
Hoffmann, Georg
Bechthold, Angela
Boeing, Heiner
Schwingshackl, Lukas
Food Groups and Risk of Overweight, Obesity, and Weight Gain: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
title Food Groups and Risk of Overweight, Obesity, and Weight Gain: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
title_full Food Groups and Risk of Overweight, Obesity, and Weight Gain: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
title_fullStr Food Groups and Risk of Overweight, Obesity, and Weight Gain: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
title_full_unstemmed Food Groups and Risk of Overweight, Obesity, and Weight Gain: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
title_short Food Groups and Risk of Overweight, Obesity, and Weight Gain: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
title_sort food groups and risk of overweight, obesity, and weight gain: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6416048/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30801613
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmy092
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