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Spatial and Temporal Analysis of the Stomach and Small-Intestinal Microbiota in Fasted Healthy Humans
Although the microbiota in the proximal gastrointestinal (GI) tract have been implicated in health and disease, much about these microbes remains understudied compared to those in the distal GI tract. This study characterized the microbiota across multiple proximal GI sites over time in healthy indi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Society for Microbiology
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6416366/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30867328 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00126-19 |
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author | Seekatz, Anna M. Schnizlein, Matthew K. Koenigsknecht, Mark J. Baker, Jason R. Hasler, William L. Bleske, Barry E. Young, Vincent B. Sun, Duxin |
author_facet | Seekatz, Anna M. Schnizlein, Matthew K. Koenigsknecht, Mark J. Baker, Jason R. Hasler, William L. Bleske, Barry E. Young, Vincent B. Sun, Duxin |
author_sort | Seekatz, Anna M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Although the microbiota in the proximal gastrointestinal (GI) tract have been implicated in health and disease, much about these microbes remains understudied compared to those in the distal GI tract. This study characterized the microbiota across multiple proximal GI sites over time in healthy individuals. As part of a study of the pharmacokinetics of oral mesalamine administration, healthy, fasted volunteers (n = 8; 10 observation periods total) were orally intubated with a four-lumen catheter with multiple aspiration ports. Samples were taken from stomach, duodenal, and multiple jejunal sites, sampling hourly (≤7 h) to measure mesalamine (administered at t = 0), pH, and 16S rRNA gene-based composition. We observed a predominance of Firmicutes across proximal GI sites, with significant variation compared to stool. The microbiota was more similar within individuals over time than between subjects, with the fecal microbiota being unique from that of the small intestine. The stomach and duodenal microbiota displayed highest intraindividual variability compared to jejunal sites, which were more stable across time. We observed significant correlations in the duodenal microbial composition with changes in pH; linear mixed models identified positive correlations with multiple Streptococcus operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and negative correlations with multiple Prevotella and Pasteurellaceae OTUs. Few OTUs correlated with mesalamine concentration. The stomach and duodenal microbiota exhibited greater compositional dynamics than the jejunum. Short-term fluctuations in the duodenal microbiota were correlated with pH. Given the unique characteristics and dynamics of the proximal GI tract microbiota, it is important to consider these local environments in health and disease states. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiota are linked to a variety of gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. Despite this importance, microbiota dynamics in the upper gastrointestinal tract are understudied. Our article seeks to understand what factors impact microbiota dynamics in the healthy human upper gut. We found that the upper gastrointestinal tract contains consistently prevalent bacterial OTUs that dominate the overall community. Microbiota variability is highest in the stomach and duodenum and correlates with pH. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6416366 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64163662019-04-03 Spatial and Temporal Analysis of the Stomach and Small-Intestinal Microbiota in Fasted Healthy Humans Seekatz, Anna M. Schnizlein, Matthew K. Koenigsknecht, Mark J. Baker, Jason R. Hasler, William L. Bleske, Barry E. Young, Vincent B. Sun, Duxin mSphere Research Article Although the microbiota in the proximal gastrointestinal (GI) tract have been implicated in health and disease, much about these microbes remains understudied compared to those in the distal GI tract. This study characterized the microbiota across multiple proximal GI sites over time in healthy individuals. As part of a study of the pharmacokinetics of oral mesalamine administration, healthy, fasted volunteers (n = 8; 10 observation periods total) were orally intubated with a four-lumen catheter with multiple aspiration ports. Samples were taken from stomach, duodenal, and multiple jejunal sites, sampling hourly (≤7 h) to measure mesalamine (administered at t = 0), pH, and 16S rRNA gene-based composition. We observed a predominance of Firmicutes across proximal GI sites, with significant variation compared to stool. The microbiota was more similar within individuals over time than between subjects, with the fecal microbiota being unique from that of the small intestine. The stomach and duodenal microbiota displayed highest intraindividual variability compared to jejunal sites, which were more stable across time. We observed significant correlations in the duodenal microbial composition with changes in pH; linear mixed models identified positive correlations with multiple Streptococcus operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and negative correlations with multiple Prevotella and Pasteurellaceae OTUs. Few OTUs correlated with mesalamine concentration. The stomach and duodenal microbiota exhibited greater compositional dynamics than the jejunum. Short-term fluctuations in the duodenal microbiota were correlated with pH. Given the unique characteristics and dynamics of the proximal GI tract microbiota, it is important to consider these local environments in health and disease states. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiota are linked to a variety of gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. Despite this importance, microbiota dynamics in the upper gastrointestinal tract are understudied. Our article seeks to understand what factors impact microbiota dynamics in the healthy human upper gut. We found that the upper gastrointestinal tract contains consistently prevalent bacterial OTUs that dominate the overall community. Microbiota variability is highest in the stomach and duodenum and correlates with pH. American Society for Microbiology 2019-03-13 /pmc/articles/PMC6416366/ /pubmed/30867328 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00126-19 Text en Copyright © 2019 Seekatz et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Research Article Seekatz, Anna M. Schnizlein, Matthew K. Koenigsknecht, Mark J. Baker, Jason R. Hasler, William L. Bleske, Barry E. Young, Vincent B. Sun, Duxin Spatial and Temporal Analysis of the Stomach and Small-Intestinal Microbiota in Fasted Healthy Humans |
title | Spatial and Temporal Analysis of the Stomach and Small-Intestinal Microbiota in Fasted Healthy Humans |
title_full | Spatial and Temporal Analysis of the Stomach and Small-Intestinal Microbiota in Fasted Healthy Humans |
title_fullStr | Spatial and Temporal Analysis of the Stomach and Small-Intestinal Microbiota in Fasted Healthy Humans |
title_full_unstemmed | Spatial and Temporal Analysis of the Stomach and Small-Intestinal Microbiota in Fasted Healthy Humans |
title_short | Spatial and Temporal Analysis of the Stomach and Small-Intestinal Microbiota in Fasted Healthy Humans |
title_sort | spatial and temporal analysis of the stomach and small-intestinal microbiota in fasted healthy humans |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6416366/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30867328 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00126-19 |
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