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Salivary Exosomes as Nanocarriers for Cancer Biomarker Delivery
Human saliva is an ideal body fluid for developing non-invasive diagnostics. Saliva contains naturally-occurring nanoparticles with unique structural and biochemical characteristics. The salivary exosome, a nanoscale extracellular vesicle, has been identified as a highly informative nanovesicle with...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6416587/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30795593 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12040654 |
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author | Cheng, Jordan Nonaka, Taichiro Wong, David T.W. |
author_facet | Cheng, Jordan Nonaka, Taichiro Wong, David T.W. |
author_sort | Cheng, Jordan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Human saliva is an ideal body fluid for developing non-invasive diagnostics. Saliva contains naturally-occurring nanoparticles with unique structural and biochemical characteristics. The salivary exosome, a nanoscale extracellular vesicle, has been identified as a highly informative nanovesicle with clinically-relevant information. Salivary exosomes have brought forth a pathway and mechanism by which cancer-derived biomarkers can be shuttled through the systemic circulation into the oral cavity. Despite such clinical potential, routine and reliable analyses of exosomes remain challenging due to their small sizes. Characterization of individual exosome nanostructures provides critical data for understanding their pathophysiological condition and diagnostic potential. In this review, we summarize a current array of discovered salivary biomarkers and nanostructural properties of salivary exosomes associated with specific cancers. In addition, we describe a novel electrochemical sensing technology, EFIRM (electric field-induced release and measurement), that advances saliva liquid biopsy, covering the current landscape of point-of-care saliva testing. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6416587 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64165872019-03-29 Salivary Exosomes as Nanocarriers for Cancer Biomarker Delivery Cheng, Jordan Nonaka, Taichiro Wong, David T.W. Materials (Basel) Review Human saliva is an ideal body fluid for developing non-invasive diagnostics. Saliva contains naturally-occurring nanoparticles with unique structural and biochemical characteristics. The salivary exosome, a nanoscale extracellular vesicle, has been identified as a highly informative nanovesicle with clinically-relevant information. Salivary exosomes have brought forth a pathway and mechanism by which cancer-derived biomarkers can be shuttled through the systemic circulation into the oral cavity. Despite such clinical potential, routine and reliable analyses of exosomes remain challenging due to their small sizes. Characterization of individual exosome nanostructures provides critical data for understanding their pathophysiological condition and diagnostic potential. In this review, we summarize a current array of discovered salivary biomarkers and nanostructural properties of salivary exosomes associated with specific cancers. In addition, we describe a novel electrochemical sensing technology, EFIRM (electric field-induced release and measurement), that advances saliva liquid biopsy, covering the current landscape of point-of-care saliva testing. MDPI 2019-02-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6416587/ /pubmed/30795593 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12040654 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Cheng, Jordan Nonaka, Taichiro Wong, David T.W. Salivary Exosomes as Nanocarriers for Cancer Biomarker Delivery |
title | Salivary Exosomes as Nanocarriers for Cancer Biomarker Delivery |
title_full | Salivary Exosomes as Nanocarriers for Cancer Biomarker Delivery |
title_fullStr | Salivary Exosomes as Nanocarriers for Cancer Biomarker Delivery |
title_full_unstemmed | Salivary Exosomes as Nanocarriers for Cancer Biomarker Delivery |
title_short | Salivary Exosomes as Nanocarriers for Cancer Biomarker Delivery |
title_sort | salivary exosomes as nanocarriers for cancer biomarker delivery |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6416587/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30795593 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12040654 |
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