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Age-related changes in the shell gland and duodenum in relation to shell quality and bone strength in commercial laying hen hybrids
BACKGROUND: During the production period of laying hens, the number of cracked eggshells increases and the skeleton becomes brittle. Both these problems are related to ageing of the hen and cause economic problems for egg producers and impaired animal welfare. This study investigated key factors in...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6417018/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30866991 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13028-019-0449-1 |
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author | Wistedt, Anna Ridderstråle, Yvonne Wall, Helena Holm, Lena |
author_facet | Wistedt, Anna Ridderstråle, Yvonne Wall, Helena Holm, Lena |
author_sort | Wistedt, Anna |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: During the production period of laying hens, the number of cracked eggshells increases and the skeleton becomes brittle. Both these problems are related to ageing of the hen and cause economic problems for egg producers and impaired animal welfare. This study investigated key factors in the shell gland and duodenum related to eggshell quality and bone strength in laying hens during the production period. Five Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL) and five Lohmann Brown (LB), common hybrids in commercial egg production, were euthanized at 21, 29, 49 and 70 weeks (wk) of age. Blood samples for analysis of total calcium were taken at euthanization. Right femur and humerus were used for bone strength measurements and tissue samples from shell gland and duodenum were processed for morphology, immunohistochemical localisation of oestrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ), plasma membrane calcium ATPase (PMCA) and histochemical localisation of carbonic anhydrases (CA). Eggs were collected for shell quality measurements. RESULTS: At age 49 week, shell and bone strength had both deteriorated, but the hens were then able to maintain the level until 70 week of age and femur bone strength even improved. The main physiological findings associated with the effects seen at 49 week were reduced gland density and a shift in balance between ERα and ERβ in the shell gland, which coincided with a reduction in CA activity in the duodenum. Somewhat surprisingly, capillary density and capillaries with CA activity both increased in the shell gland over time, the latter possibly mediated via ERβ. These findings were independent of hybrid. PMCA was found in both shell gland and duodenum, but appeared unrelated to the age-related changes in shell and bone quality. CONCLUSIONS: In hens around half-way through the production period, both shell quality and bone strength had deteriorated. Decreased gland density and a shift in the balance between ERα and ERβ in the shell gland, co-occurring with a dramatic drop in duodenal CA activity, are suggested as possible factors involved in age-related changes in shell and bone quality. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s13028-019-0449-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6417018 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64170182019-03-25 Age-related changes in the shell gland and duodenum in relation to shell quality and bone strength in commercial laying hen hybrids Wistedt, Anna Ridderstråle, Yvonne Wall, Helena Holm, Lena Acta Vet Scand Research BACKGROUND: During the production period of laying hens, the number of cracked eggshells increases and the skeleton becomes brittle. Both these problems are related to ageing of the hen and cause economic problems for egg producers and impaired animal welfare. This study investigated key factors in the shell gland and duodenum related to eggshell quality and bone strength in laying hens during the production period. Five Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL) and five Lohmann Brown (LB), common hybrids in commercial egg production, were euthanized at 21, 29, 49 and 70 weeks (wk) of age. Blood samples for analysis of total calcium were taken at euthanization. Right femur and humerus were used for bone strength measurements and tissue samples from shell gland and duodenum were processed for morphology, immunohistochemical localisation of oestrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ), plasma membrane calcium ATPase (PMCA) and histochemical localisation of carbonic anhydrases (CA). Eggs were collected for shell quality measurements. RESULTS: At age 49 week, shell and bone strength had both deteriorated, but the hens were then able to maintain the level until 70 week of age and femur bone strength even improved. The main physiological findings associated with the effects seen at 49 week were reduced gland density and a shift in balance between ERα and ERβ in the shell gland, which coincided with a reduction in CA activity in the duodenum. Somewhat surprisingly, capillary density and capillaries with CA activity both increased in the shell gland over time, the latter possibly mediated via ERβ. These findings were independent of hybrid. PMCA was found in both shell gland and duodenum, but appeared unrelated to the age-related changes in shell and bone quality. CONCLUSIONS: In hens around half-way through the production period, both shell quality and bone strength had deteriorated. Decreased gland density and a shift in the balance between ERα and ERβ in the shell gland, co-occurring with a dramatic drop in duodenal CA activity, are suggested as possible factors involved in age-related changes in shell and bone quality. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s13028-019-0449-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2019-03-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6417018/ /pubmed/30866991 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13028-019-0449-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Wistedt, Anna Ridderstråle, Yvonne Wall, Helena Holm, Lena Age-related changes in the shell gland and duodenum in relation to shell quality and bone strength in commercial laying hen hybrids |
title | Age-related changes in the shell gland and duodenum in relation to shell quality and bone strength in commercial laying hen hybrids |
title_full | Age-related changes in the shell gland and duodenum in relation to shell quality and bone strength in commercial laying hen hybrids |
title_fullStr | Age-related changes in the shell gland and duodenum in relation to shell quality and bone strength in commercial laying hen hybrids |
title_full_unstemmed | Age-related changes in the shell gland and duodenum in relation to shell quality and bone strength in commercial laying hen hybrids |
title_short | Age-related changes in the shell gland and duodenum in relation to shell quality and bone strength in commercial laying hen hybrids |
title_sort | age-related changes in the shell gland and duodenum in relation to shell quality and bone strength in commercial laying hen hybrids |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6417018/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30866991 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13028-019-0449-1 |
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