Diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis-related broncholithiasis in a child undergoing bronchoscopy: A case report

RATIONALE: Broncholithiasis is a rare disease and is characterized by calcification in the tracheobronchial tree. This disease has a predilection in the adult and occurrence is rare in children. Considering its infrequency, we report a rare clinical case, with the aim of sharing our experience during the diagnosis and treatment procedures. PATIENT CONCERNS: We report a 9-year- and 6-month-old girl who complained of chronic cough and recurrent wheeze for 2 months. DIAGNOSIS: Bronchialithiasis were found under bronchoscope. Pathologic examination revealed aspergillosis. INTERVENTIONS: The stone and surrounding granulation tissue were removed using a bronchoscope and the patient was treated with antifungal therapy. OUTCOMES: The patient was in good general health without any clinical symptoms during the follow-up period. LESSONS: Pulmonary Aspergillus infection can cause bronchiolithiasis. Stones were removed under bronchoscope, and anti-Aspergillus therapy was effective.