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Urinary Calprotectin loses specificity as tumour marker due to sterile leukocyturia associated with bladder cancer
BACKGROUND: Urinary Calprotectin, a mediator of the innate immune system, has been identified as a biomarker in bladder cancer. Our aim was to investigate the association between sterile leukocyturia and urinary Calprotectin in low-grade and high-grade bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We perfo...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6417709/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30870488 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213549 |
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author | Bausch, Kathrin Roth, Elisa Heinz, Stefan Horst, David Mathia, Susanne Vlajnic, Tatjana Bubendorf, Lukas Westhoff, Timm Wetterauer, Christian Seifert, Hans Helge Ebbing, Jan |
author_facet | Bausch, Kathrin Roth, Elisa Heinz, Stefan Horst, David Mathia, Susanne Vlajnic, Tatjana Bubendorf, Lukas Westhoff, Timm Wetterauer, Christian Seifert, Hans Helge Ebbing, Jan |
author_sort | Bausch, Kathrin |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Urinary Calprotectin, a mediator of the innate immune system, has been identified as a biomarker in bladder cancer. Our aim was to investigate the association between sterile leukocyturia and urinary Calprotectin in low-grade and high-grade bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a prospective cross-sectional study including 52 patients with bladder cancer and 40 healthy controls. Definition of sterile leukocyturia was > 5.0 leukocytes per visual field in absence of bacteriuria. RESULTS: The rate of sterile leukocyturia in low-grade (60.0%) and high-grade (62.0%) bladder cancer was comparable (p = 0.87). However, the median absolute urinary leukocyte count in patients with sterile leukocyturia was significantly higher in high-grade than in low-grade bladder cancer (p < 0.01). Spearman correlation revealed a significant correlation between urinary Calprotectin and leucocyte concentration (R = 0.4, p < 0.001). Median urinary Calprotectin concentration was 4.5 times higher in bladder cancer patients with than in patients without sterile leukocyturia (p = 0.03). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference in urinary Calprotectin regarding the presence of sterile leukocyturia in high-grade patients (596.8 [91.8–1655.5] vs. 90.4 [28.0–202.3] ng ml-1, p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis identified the leukocyte concentration to be the only significant impact factor for urinary Calprotectin (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.5–3.8, p = 0.001). Immunohistochemistry showed Calprotectin positive neutrophils and tumour cells in high-grade bladder cancer with sterile leukocyturia. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary Calprotectin cannot be regarded as a specific tumour marker for bladder cancer, but rather as a surrogate parameter for tumour inflammation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6417709 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64177092019-04-01 Urinary Calprotectin loses specificity as tumour marker due to sterile leukocyturia associated with bladder cancer Bausch, Kathrin Roth, Elisa Heinz, Stefan Horst, David Mathia, Susanne Vlajnic, Tatjana Bubendorf, Lukas Westhoff, Timm Wetterauer, Christian Seifert, Hans Helge Ebbing, Jan PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Urinary Calprotectin, a mediator of the innate immune system, has been identified as a biomarker in bladder cancer. Our aim was to investigate the association between sterile leukocyturia and urinary Calprotectin in low-grade and high-grade bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a prospective cross-sectional study including 52 patients with bladder cancer and 40 healthy controls. Definition of sterile leukocyturia was > 5.0 leukocytes per visual field in absence of bacteriuria. RESULTS: The rate of sterile leukocyturia in low-grade (60.0%) and high-grade (62.0%) bladder cancer was comparable (p = 0.87). However, the median absolute urinary leukocyte count in patients with sterile leukocyturia was significantly higher in high-grade than in low-grade bladder cancer (p < 0.01). Spearman correlation revealed a significant correlation between urinary Calprotectin and leucocyte concentration (R = 0.4, p < 0.001). Median urinary Calprotectin concentration was 4.5 times higher in bladder cancer patients with than in patients without sterile leukocyturia (p = 0.03). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference in urinary Calprotectin regarding the presence of sterile leukocyturia in high-grade patients (596.8 [91.8–1655.5] vs. 90.4 [28.0–202.3] ng ml-1, p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis identified the leukocyte concentration to be the only significant impact factor for urinary Calprotectin (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.5–3.8, p = 0.001). Immunohistochemistry showed Calprotectin positive neutrophils and tumour cells in high-grade bladder cancer with sterile leukocyturia. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary Calprotectin cannot be regarded as a specific tumour marker for bladder cancer, but rather as a surrogate parameter for tumour inflammation. Public Library of Science 2019-03-14 /pmc/articles/PMC6417709/ /pubmed/30870488 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213549 Text en © 2019 Bausch et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Bausch, Kathrin Roth, Elisa Heinz, Stefan Horst, David Mathia, Susanne Vlajnic, Tatjana Bubendorf, Lukas Westhoff, Timm Wetterauer, Christian Seifert, Hans Helge Ebbing, Jan Urinary Calprotectin loses specificity as tumour marker due to sterile leukocyturia associated with bladder cancer |
title | Urinary Calprotectin loses specificity as tumour marker due to sterile leukocyturia associated with bladder cancer |
title_full | Urinary Calprotectin loses specificity as tumour marker due to sterile leukocyturia associated with bladder cancer |
title_fullStr | Urinary Calprotectin loses specificity as tumour marker due to sterile leukocyturia associated with bladder cancer |
title_full_unstemmed | Urinary Calprotectin loses specificity as tumour marker due to sterile leukocyturia associated with bladder cancer |
title_short | Urinary Calprotectin loses specificity as tumour marker due to sterile leukocyturia associated with bladder cancer |
title_sort | urinary calprotectin loses specificity as tumour marker due to sterile leukocyturia associated with bladder cancer |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6417709/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30870488 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213549 |
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