Cargando…

Membranes Based on Cellulose Nanofibers and Activated Carbon for Removal of Escherichia coli Bacteria from Water

Cellulosic nanomaterials are potential candidates in different areas, especially in water treatment. In the current work, palm fruit stalks cellulose nanofibers (CNF), TEMPO-oxidized CNF (OCNF), and activated carbon (AC) were used to make thin film membranes for removal of E. coli bacteria from wate...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Hassan, Mohammad, Abou-Zeid, Ragab, Hassan, Enas, Berglund, Linn, Aitomäki, Yvonne, Oksman, Kristiina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6418548/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30971012
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym9080335
_version_ 1783403755264278528
author Hassan, Mohammad
Abou-Zeid, Ragab
Hassan, Enas
Berglund, Linn
Aitomäki, Yvonne
Oksman, Kristiina
author_facet Hassan, Mohammad
Abou-Zeid, Ragab
Hassan, Enas
Berglund, Linn
Aitomäki, Yvonne
Oksman, Kristiina
author_sort Hassan, Mohammad
collection PubMed
description Cellulosic nanomaterials are potential candidates in different areas, especially in water treatment. In the current work, palm fruit stalks cellulose nanofibers (CNF), TEMPO-oxidized CNF (OCNF), and activated carbon (AC) were used to make thin film membranes for removal of E. coli bacteria from water. Two types of layered membranes were produced: a single layer setup of crosslinked CNF and a two-layer setup of AC/OCNF (bottom) and crosslinked CNF (up) on hardened filter paper. The prepared membranes were evaluated regarding their microstructure and layers thickness using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Water flux and rejection of E. coli bacteria was tested using dead end stirred cells at 1 MPa pressure. Thickness of the cosslinked CNF layer in both types of membranes was about 0.75 micron. The results showed that exchanging water by isopropyl alcohol before drying increased porosity of membranes, and thus resulted in increasing pure water flux and flux of bacteria suspension. The two-layer AC/OCNF/CNF membrane had much higher water flux than the single layer CNF due to higher porosity seen on the surface of the former. Both types of membranes showed high capability of removing E. coli bacteria (rejection ~96–99%) with slightly higher efficiency for the AC/OCNF/CNF membrane than CNF membrane. AC/OCNF/CNF membrane also showed resistance against growth of E. coli and S. aureus bacteria on the upper CNF surface while the single layer CNF membrane did not show resistance against growth of the aforementioned bacteria.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6418548
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2017
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-64185482019-04-02 Membranes Based on Cellulose Nanofibers and Activated Carbon for Removal of Escherichia coli Bacteria from Water Hassan, Mohammad Abou-Zeid, Ragab Hassan, Enas Berglund, Linn Aitomäki, Yvonne Oksman, Kristiina Polymers (Basel) Article Cellulosic nanomaterials are potential candidates in different areas, especially in water treatment. In the current work, palm fruit stalks cellulose nanofibers (CNF), TEMPO-oxidized CNF (OCNF), and activated carbon (AC) were used to make thin film membranes for removal of E. coli bacteria from water. Two types of layered membranes were produced: a single layer setup of crosslinked CNF and a two-layer setup of AC/OCNF (bottom) and crosslinked CNF (up) on hardened filter paper. The prepared membranes were evaluated regarding their microstructure and layers thickness using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Water flux and rejection of E. coli bacteria was tested using dead end stirred cells at 1 MPa pressure. Thickness of the cosslinked CNF layer in both types of membranes was about 0.75 micron. The results showed that exchanging water by isopropyl alcohol before drying increased porosity of membranes, and thus resulted in increasing pure water flux and flux of bacteria suspension. The two-layer AC/OCNF/CNF membrane had much higher water flux than the single layer CNF due to higher porosity seen on the surface of the former. Both types of membranes showed high capability of removing E. coli bacteria (rejection ~96–99%) with slightly higher efficiency for the AC/OCNF/CNF membrane than CNF membrane. AC/OCNF/CNF membrane also showed resistance against growth of E. coli and S. aureus bacteria on the upper CNF surface while the single layer CNF membrane did not show resistance against growth of the aforementioned bacteria. MDPI 2017-08-03 /pmc/articles/PMC6418548/ /pubmed/30971012 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym9080335 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Hassan, Mohammad
Abou-Zeid, Ragab
Hassan, Enas
Berglund, Linn
Aitomäki, Yvonne
Oksman, Kristiina
Membranes Based on Cellulose Nanofibers and Activated Carbon for Removal of Escherichia coli Bacteria from Water
title Membranes Based on Cellulose Nanofibers and Activated Carbon for Removal of Escherichia coli Bacteria from Water
title_full Membranes Based on Cellulose Nanofibers and Activated Carbon for Removal of Escherichia coli Bacteria from Water
title_fullStr Membranes Based on Cellulose Nanofibers and Activated Carbon for Removal of Escherichia coli Bacteria from Water
title_full_unstemmed Membranes Based on Cellulose Nanofibers and Activated Carbon for Removal of Escherichia coli Bacteria from Water
title_short Membranes Based on Cellulose Nanofibers and Activated Carbon for Removal of Escherichia coli Bacteria from Water
title_sort membranes based on cellulose nanofibers and activated carbon for removal of escherichia coli bacteria from water
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6418548/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30971012
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym9080335
work_keys_str_mv AT hassanmohammad membranesbasedoncellulosenanofibersandactivatedcarbonforremovalofescherichiacolibacteriafromwater
AT abouzeidragab membranesbasedoncellulosenanofibersandactivatedcarbonforremovalofescherichiacolibacteriafromwater
AT hassanenas membranesbasedoncellulosenanofibersandactivatedcarbonforremovalofescherichiacolibacteriafromwater
AT berglundlinn membranesbasedoncellulosenanofibersandactivatedcarbonforremovalofescherichiacolibacteriafromwater
AT aitomakiyvonne membranesbasedoncellulosenanofibersandactivatedcarbonforremovalofescherichiacolibacteriafromwater
AT oksmankristiina membranesbasedoncellulosenanofibersandactivatedcarbonforremovalofescherichiacolibacteriafromwater