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Habitat differentiation and conservation gap of Magnolia biondii, M. denudata, and M. sprengeri in China

The flower buds of Magnolia biondii, M. denudata, and M. sprengeri are the materials of Xinyi, a traditional Chinese medicine. The harvest of flower buds and habitat fragmentation caused by human disturbance heavily threatens the natural regeneration and survival of these three Magnolia species. Wit...

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Autores principales: Song, Chuangye, Liu, Huiming
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: PeerJ Inc. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6419747/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30886767
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6126
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author Song, Chuangye
Liu, Huiming
author_facet Song, Chuangye
Liu, Huiming
author_sort Song, Chuangye
collection PubMed
description The flower buds of Magnolia biondii, M. denudata, and M. sprengeri are the materials of Xinyi, a traditional Chinese medicine. The harvest of flower buds and habitat fragmentation caused by human disturbance heavily threatens the natural regeneration and survival of these three Magnolia species. With the aim to support the conservation and improve the effectiveness of conservation, we performed an assessment on habitat suitability, influences of environmental variables on habitat suitability, and the conservation gap of these three Magnolia species, based on the Maxent modeling method. The results indicated that: (1) altitude, annual mean temperature, extreme temperature, temperature fluctuation, annual precipitation, and extreme precipitation are the most influential environmental variables for the distribution of M. sprengeri, M. biondii, and M. denudata; (2) obvious habitat differentiations were observed among M. biondii, M. denudata, and M. sprengeri. M. sprengeri tends to be located in further northern areas with higher altitudes, lower temperatures, and lower precipitation compared to M. biondii and M. denudata; and (3) a large proportion of suitable habitats have been left without protection. Woodland and forest shared the largest area out of the suitable habitats. However, grassland, agricultural land, residential land, and mining and industry areas also occupied large areas of suitable habitats.
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spelling pubmed-64197472019-03-18 Habitat differentiation and conservation gap of Magnolia biondii, M. denudata, and M. sprengeri in China Song, Chuangye Liu, Huiming PeerJ Biogeography The flower buds of Magnolia biondii, M. denudata, and M. sprengeri are the materials of Xinyi, a traditional Chinese medicine. The harvest of flower buds and habitat fragmentation caused by human disturbance heavily threatens the natural regeneration and survival of these three Magnolia species. With the aim to support the conservation and improve the effectiveness of conservation, we performed an assessment on habitat suitability, influences of environmental variables on habitat suitability, and the conservation gap of these three Magnolia species, based on the Maxent modeling method. The results indicated that: (1) altitude, annual mean temperature, extreme temperature, temperature fluctuation, annual precipitation, and extreme precipitation are the most influential environmental variables for the distribution of M. sprengeri, M. biondii, and M. denudata; (2) obvious habitat differentiations were observed among M. biondii, M. denudata, and M. sprengeri. M. sprengeri tends to be located in further northern areas with higher altitudes, lower temperatures, and lower precipitation compared to M. biondii and M. denudata; and (3) a large proportion of suitable habitats have been left without protection. Woodland and forest shared the largest area out of the suitable habitats. However, grassland, agricultural land, residential land, and mining and industry areas also occupied large areas of suitable habitats. PeerJ Inc. 2019-03-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6419747/ /pubmed/30886767 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6126 Text en © 2019 Song and Liu http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
spellingShingle Biogeography
Song, Chuangye
Liu, Huiming
Habitat differentiation and conservation gap of Magnolia biondii, M. denudata, and M. sprengeri in China
title Habitat differentiation and conservation gap of Magnolia biondii, M. denudata, and M. sprengeri in China
title_full Habitat differentiation and conservation gap of Magnolia biondii, M. denudata, and M. sprengeri in China
title_fullStr Habitat differentiation and conservation gap of Magnolia biondii, M. denudata, and M. sprengeri in China
title_full_unstemmed Habitat differentiation and conservation gap of Magnolia biondii, M. denudata, and M. sprengeri in China
title_short Habitat differentiation and conservation gap of Magnolia biondii, M. denudata, and M. sprengeri in China
title_sort habitat differentiation and conservation gap of magnolia biondii, m. denudata, and m. sprengeri in china
topic Biogeography
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6419747/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30886767
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6126
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