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Verbal Descriptions of Cue Direction Affect Object Desirability

Approach-avoidance behaviors are observed across a broad range of species. For humans, we tend move toward things we like, and away from things we dislike. Previous research tested whether repeatedly shifting visuo-spatial attention toward an object in response to eye gaze cues can increase liking f...

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Autores principales: Tipples, Jason, Dodd, Mike, Grubaugh, Jordan, Kingstone, Alan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6421290/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30914994
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00471
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author Tipples, Jason
Dodd, Mike
Grubaugh, Jordan
Kingstone, Alan
author_facet Tipples, Jason
Dodd, Mike
Grubaugh, Jordan
Kingstone, Alan
author_sort Tipples, Jason
collection PubMed
description Approach-avoidance behaviors are observed across a broad range of species. For humans, we tend move toward things we like, and away from things we dislike. Previous research tested whether repeatedly shifting visuo-spatial attention toward an object in response to eye gaze cues can increase liking for that object. Here, we tested whether a gaze-liking effect can occur for verbal descriptions of looking behavior without shifts of attention. Also, we tested the gaze specificity hypothesis – that the liking effect is specific to gaze cues – by comparing the effect of different types of cue (pointing gestures and arrow cues). In Experiment 1, participants (N = 205) were split into 5 groups according to the type of cue that was described as directed either toward or away from an object. The results show that (1) attention is not necessary; the liking effect was recorded for verbal descriptions of looking, (2) the effect also occurs for descriptions of pointing and arrows, and (3) the liking effect is enhanced for gaze cues compared to arrows, consistent with the gaze specificity hypothesis. Results from a further experiment suggest that the effect is not due to demand compliance. We conclude that the gaze-liking effect occurs for verbal descriptions of eye gaze. Indeed, because our method bypasses altogether the use of visual cues, objects, and shifts in visual selective attention, our paradigm appears to be more sensitive at tapping into the fundamental approach-avoidance response that mediate the implicit liking effect. As such, it offers new opportunities for research investigations in the future.
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spelling pubmed-64212902019-03-26 Verbal Descriptions of Cue Direction Affect Object Desirability Tipples, Jason Dodd, Mike Grubaugh, Jordan Kingstone, Alan Front Psychol Psychology Approach-avoidance behaviors are observed across a broad range of species. For humans, we tend move toward things we like, and away from things we dislike. Previous research tested whether repeatedly shifting visuo-spatial attention toward an object in response to eye gaze cues can increase liking for that object. Here, we tested whether a gaze-liking effect can occur for verbal descriptions of looking behavior without shifts of attention. Also, we tested the gaze specificity hypothesis – that the liking effect is specific to gaze cues – by comparing the effect of different types of cue (pointing gestures and arrow cues). In Experiment 1, participants (N = 205) were split into 5 groups according to the type of cue that was described as directed either toward or away from an object. The results show that (1) attention is not necessary; the liking effect was recorded for verbal descriptions of looking, (2) the effect also occurs for descriptions of pointing and arrows, and (3) the liking effect is enhanced for gaze cues compared to arrows, consistent with the gaze specificity hypothesis. Results from a further experiment suggest that the effect is not due to demand compliance. We conclude that the gaze-liking effect occurs for verbal descriptions of eye gaze. Indeed, because our method bypasses altogether the use of visual cues, objects, and shifts in visual selective attention, our paradigm appears to be more sensitive at tapping into the fundamental approach-avoidance response that mediate the implicit liking effect. As such, it offers new opportunities for research investigations in the future. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-03-11 /pmc/articles/PMC6421290/ /pubmed/30914994 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00471 Text en Copyright © 2019 Tipples, Dodd, Grubaugh and Kingstone. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychology
Tipples, Jason
Dodd, Mike
Grubaugh, Jordan
Kingstone, Alan
Verbal Descriptions of Cue Direction Affect Object Desirability
title Verbal Descriptions of Cue Direction Affect Object Desirability
title_full Verbal Descriptions of Cue Direction Affect Object Desirability
title_fullStr Verbal Descriptions of Cue Direction Affect Object Desirability
title_full_unstemmed Verbal Descriptions of Cue Direction Affect Object Desirability
title_short Verbal Descriptions of Cue Direction Affect Object Desirability
title_sort verbal descriptions of cue direction affect object desirability
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6421290/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30914994
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00471
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