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Unleashing floret fertility in wheat through the mutation of a homeobox gene
Floret fertility is a key determinant of the number of grains per inflorescence in cereals. During the evolution of wheat (Triticum sp.), floret fertility has increased, such that current bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars set three to five grains per spikelet. However, little is known regard...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
National Academy of Sciences
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6421441/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30792353 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1815465116 |
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author | Sakuma, Shun Golan, Guy Guo, Zifeng Ogawa, Taiichi Tagiri, Akemi Sugimoto, Kazuhiko Bernhardt, Nadine Brassac, Jonathan Mascher, Martin Hensel, Goetz Ohnishi, Shizen Jinno, Hironobu Yamashita, Yoko Ayalon, Idan Peleg, Zvi Schnurbusch, Thorsten Komatsuda, Takao |
author_facet | Sakuma, Shun Golan, Guy Guo, Zifeng Ogawa, Taiichi Tagiri, Akemi Sugimoto, Kazuhiko Bernhardt, Nadine Brassac, Jonathan Mascher, Martin Hensel, Goetz Ohnishi, Shizen Jinno, Hironobu Yamashita, Yoko Ayalon, Idan Peleg, Zvi Schnurbusch, Thorsten Komatsuda, Takao |
author_sort | Sakuma, Shun |
collection | PubMed |
description | Floret fertility is a key determinant of the number of grains per inflorescence in cereals. During the evolution of wheat (Triticum sp.), floret fertility has increased, such that current bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars set three to five grains per spikelet. However, little is known regarding the genetic basis of floret fertility. The locus Grain Number Increase 1 (GNI1) is shown here to be an important contributor to floret fertility. GNI1 evolved in the Triticeae through gene duplication. The gene, which encodes a homeodomain leucine zipper class I (HD-Zip I) transcription factor, was expressed most abundantly in the most apical floret primordia and in parts of the rachilla, suggesting that it acts to inhibit rachilla growth and development. The level of GNI1 expression has decreased over the course of wheat evolution under domestication, leading to the production of spikes bearing more fertile florets and setting more grains per spikelet. Genetic analysis has revealed that the reduced-function allele GNI-A1 contributes to the increased number of fertile florets per spikelet. The RNAi-based knockdown of GNI1 led to an increase in the number of both fertile florets and grains in hexaploid wheat. Mutants carrying an impaired GNI-A1 allele out-yielded WT allele carriers under field conditions. The data show that gene duplication generated evolutionary novelty affecting floret fertility while mutations favoring increased grain production have been under selection during wheat evolution under domestication. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6421441 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64214412019-03-19 Unleashing floret fertility in wheat through the mutation of a homeobox gene Sakuma, Shun Golan, Guy Guo, Zifeng Ogawa, Taiichi Tagiri, Akemi Sugimoto, Kazuhiko Bernhardt, Nadine Brassac, Jonathan Mascher, Martin Hensel, Goetz Ohnishi, Shizen Jinno, Hironobu Yamashita, Yoko Ayalon, Idan Peleg, Zvi Schnurbusch, Thorsten Komatsuda, Takao Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Biological Sciences Floret fertility is a key determinant of the number of grains per inflorescence in cereals. During the evolution of wheat (Triticum sp.), floret fertility has increased, such that current bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars set three to five grains per spikelet. However, little is known regarding the genetic basis of floret fertility. The locus Grain Number Increase 1 (GNI1) is shown here to be an important contributor to floret fertility. GNI1 evolved in the Triticeae through gene duplication. The gene, which encodes a homeodomain leucine zipper class I (HD-Zip I) transcription factor, was expressed most abundantly in the most apical floret primordia and in parts of the rachilla, suggesting that it acts to inhibit rachilla growth and development. The level of GNI1 expression has decreased over the course of wheat evolution under domestication, leading to the production of spikes bearing more fertile florets and setting more grains per spikelet. Genetic analysis has revealed that the reduced-function allele GNI-A1 contributes to the increased number of fertile florets per spikelet. The RNAi-based knockdown of GNI1 led to an increase in the number of both fertile florets and grains in hexaploid wheat. Mutants carrying an impaired GNI-A1 allele out-yielded WT allele carriers under field conditions. The data show that gene duplication generated evolutionary novelty affecting floret fertility while mutations favoring increased grain production have been under selection during wheat evolution under domestication. National Academy of Sciences 2019-03-12 2019-02-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6421441/ /pubmed/30792353 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1815465116 Text en Copyright © 2019 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Biological Sciences Sakuma, Shun Golan, Guy Guo, Zifeng Ogawa, Taiichi Tagiri, Akemi Sugimoto, Kazuhiko Bernhardt, Nadine Brassac, Jonathan Mascher, Martin Hensel, Goetz Ohnishi, Shizen Jinno, Hironobu Yamashita, Yoko Ayalon, Idan Peleg, Zvi Schnurbusch, Thorsten Komatsuda, Takao Unleashing floret fertility in wheat through the mutation of a homeobox gene |
title | Unleashing floret fertility in wheat through the mutation of a homeobox gene |
title_full | Unleashing floret fertility in wheat through the mutation of a homeobox gene |
title_fullStr | Unleashing floret fertility in wheat through the mutation of a homeobox gene |
title_full_unstemmed | Unleashing floret fertility in wheat through the mutation of a homeobox gene |
title_short | Unleashing floret fertility in wheat through the mutation of a homeobox gene |
title_sort | unleashing floret fertility in wheat through the mutation of a homeobox gene |
topic | Biological Sciences |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6421441/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30792353 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1815465116 |
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