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Unleashing floret fertility in wheat through the mutation of a homeobox gene

Floret fertility is a key determinant of the number of grains per inflorescence in cereals. During the evolution of wheat (Triticum sp.), floret fertility has increased, such that current bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars set three to five grains per spikelet. However, little is known regard...

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Autores principales: Sakuma, Shun, Golan, Guy, Guo, Zifeng, Ogawa, Taiichi, Tagiri, Akemi, Sugimoto, Kazuhiko, Bernhardt, Nadine, Brassac, Jonathan, Mascher, Martin, Hensel, Goetz, Ohnishi, Shizen, Jinno, Hironobu, Yamashita, Yoko, Ayalon, Idan, Peleg, Zvi, Schnurbusch, Thorsten, Komatsuda, Takao
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: National Academy of Sciences 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6421441/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30792353
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1815465116
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author Sakuma, Shun
Golan, Guy
Guo, Zifeng
Ogawa, Taiichi
Tagiri, Akemi
Sugimoto, Kazuhiko
Bernhardt, Nadine
Brassac, Jonathan
Mascher, Martin
Hensel, Goetz
Ohnishi, Shizen
Jinno, Hironobu
Yamashita, Yoko
Ayalon, Idan
Peleg, Zvi
Schnurbusch, Thorsten
Komatsuda, Takao
author_facet Sakuma, Shun
Golan, Guy
Guo, Zifeng
Ogawa, Taiichi
Tagiri, Akemi
Sugimoto, Kazuhiko
Bernhardt, Nadine
Brassac, Jonathan
Mascher, Martin
Hensel, Goetz
Ohnishi, Shizen
Jinno, Hironobu
Yamashita, Yoko
Ayalon, Idan
Peleg, Zvi
Schnurbusch, Thorsten
Komatsuda, Takao
author_sort Sakuma, Shun
collection PubMed
description Floret fertility is a key determinant of the number of grains per inflorescence in cereals. During the evolution of wheat (Triticum sp.), floret fertility has increased, such that current bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars set three to five grains per spikelet. However, little is known regarding the genetic basis of floret fertility. The locus Grain Number Increase 1 (GNI1) is shown here to be an important contributor to floret fertility. GNI1 evolved in the Triticeae through gene duplication. The gene, which encodes a homeodomain leucine zipper class I (HD-Zip I) transcription factor, was expressed most abundantly in the most apical floret primordia and in parts of the rachilla, suggesting that it acts to inhibit rachilla growth and development. The level of GNI1 expression has decreased over the course of wheat evolution under domestication, leading to the production of spikes bearing more fertile florets and setting more grains per spikelet. Genetic analysis has revealed that the reduced-function allele GNI-A1 contributes to the increased number of fertile florets per spikelet. The RNAi-based knockdown of GNI1 led to an increase in the number of both fertile florets and grains in hexaploid wheat. Mutants carrying an impaired GNI-A1 allele out-yielded WT allele carriers under field conditions. The data show that gene duplication generated evolutionary novelty affecting floret fertility while mutations favoring increased grain production have been under selection during wheat evolution under domestication.
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spelling pubmed-64214412019-03-19 Unleashing floret fertility in wheat through the mutation of a homeobox gene Sakuma, Shun Golan, Guy Guo, Zifeng Ogawa, Taiichi Tagiri, Akemi Sugimoto, Kazuhiko Bernhardt, Nadine Brassac, Jonathan Mascher, Martin Hensel, Goetz Ohnishi, Shizen Jinno, Hironobu Yamashita, Yoko Ayalon, Idan Peleg, Zvi Schnurbusch, Thorsten Komatsuda, Takao Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Biological Sciences Floret fertility is a key determinant of the number of grains per inflorescence in cereals. During the evolution of wheat (Triticum sp.), floret fertility has increased, such that current bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars set three to five grains per spikelet. However, little is known regarding the genetic basis of floret fertility. The locus Grain Number Increase 1 (GNI1) is shown here to be an important contributor to floret fertility. GNI1 evolved in the Triticeae through gene duplication. The gene, which encodes a homeodomain leucine zipper class I (HD-Zip I) transcription factor, was expressed most abundantly in the most apical floret primordia and in parts of the rachilla, suggesting that it acts to inhibit rachilla growth and development. The level of GNI1 expression has decreased over the course of wheat evolution under domestication, leading to the production of spikes bearing more fertile florets and setting more grains per spikelet. Genetic analysis has revealed that the reduced-function allele GNI-A1 contributes to the increased number of fertile florets per spikelet. The RNAi-based knockdown of GNI1 led to an increase in the number of both fertile florets and grains in hexaploid wheat. Mutants carrying an impaired GNI-A1 allele out-yielded WT allele carriers under field conditions. The data show that gene duplication generated evolutionary novelty affecting floret fertility while mutations favoring increased grain production have been under selection during wheat evolution under domestication. National Academy of Sciences 2019-03-12 2019-02-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6421441/ /pubmed/30792353 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1815465116 Text en Copyright © 2019 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Biological Sciences
Sakuma, Shun
Golan, Guy
Guo, Zifeng
Ogawa, Taiichi
Tagiri, Akemi
Sugimoto, Kazuhiko
Bernhardt, Nadine
Brassac, Jonathan
Mascher, Martin
Hensel, Goetz
Ohnishi, Shizen
Jinno, Hironobu
Yamashita, Yoko
Ayalon, Idan
Peleg, Zvi
Schnurbusch, Thorsten
Komatsuda, Takao
Unleashing floret fertility in wheat through the mutation of a homeobox gene
title Unleashing floret fertility in wheat through the mutation of a homeobox gene
title_full Unleashing floret fertility in wheat through the mutation of a homeobox gene
title_fullStr Unleashing floret fertility in wheat through the mutation of a homeobox gene
title_full_unstemmed Unleashing floret fertility in wheat through the mutation of a homeobox gene
title_short Unleashing floret fertility in wheat through the mutation of a homeobox gene
title_sort unleashing floret fertility in wheat through the mutation of a homeobox gene
topic Biological Sciences
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6421441/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30792353
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1815465116
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