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Evidence of bromethalin toxicosis in feral San Francisco “Telegraph Hill” conures
During 2018, four free-ranging conures, from a naturalized flock in San Francisco, presented with a characteristic set of neurologic signs that had been reported in other individuals from this flock. The cause of morbidity or mortality in historic cases has not been identified. From these four subje...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6422264/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30883548 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213248 |
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author | Van Sant, Fern Hassan, Sayed M. Reavill, Drury McManamon, Rita Howerth, Elizabeth W. Seguel, Mauricio Bauer, Richard Loftis, Kathy M. Gregory, Christopher R. Ciembor, Paula G. Ritchie, Branson W. |
author_facet | Van Sant, Fern Hassan, Sayed M. Reavill, Drury McManamon, Rita Howerth, Elizabeth W. Seguel, Mauricio Bauer, Richard Loftis, Kathy M. Gregory, Christopher R. Ciembor, Paula G. Ritchie, Branson W. |
author_sort | Van Sant, Fern |
collection | PubMed |
description | During 2018, four free-ranging conures, from a naturalized flock in San Francisco, presented with a characteristic set of neurologic signs that had been reported in other individuals from this flock. The cause of morbidity or mortality in historic cases has not been identified. From these four subjects, fresh feces were collected during their initial days of hospitalization and submitted to the University of Georgia Infectious Diseases Laboratory and Center for Applied Isotope Studies for bromethalin and desmethyl-bromethalin quantitation. Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography, the laboratory detected bromethalin, a non-anticoagulant, single-dose rodenticide, in fecal samples from three subjects; half of these samples were also positive for desmethyl-bromethalin, bromethalin’s active metabolite. In three subjects that died, the UGA laboratory screened brain and liver samples and found bromethalin in all samples; desmethyl-bromethalin was detected in all but one brain sample, which was below the detection limit. Our findings suggest the conures are more resistant to bromethalin than are other species in which bromethalin has been studied, and/or that the conures may be ingesting the toxin at a sublethal dose. More data is needed to better assess the long-term effects of bromethalin on animals exposed at the subacute/chronic levels, and also to better understand the compartmentalization of bromethalin and desmethyl-bromethalin in a wider variety of species. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6422264 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64222642019-04-02 Evidence of bromethalin toxicosis in feral San Francisco “Telegraph Hill” conures Van Sant, Fern Hassan, Sayed M. Reavill, Drury McManamon, Rita Howerth, Elizabeth W. Seguel, Mauricio Bauer, Richard Loftis, Kathy M. Gregory, Christopher R. Ciembor, Paula G. Ritchie, Branson W. PLoS One Research Article During 2018, four free-ranging conures, from a naturalized flock in San Francisco, presented with a characteristic set of neurologic signs that had been reported in other individuals from this flock. The cause of morbidity or mortality in historic cases has not been identified. From these four subjects, fresh feces were collected during their initial days of hospitalization and submitted to the University of Georgia Infectious Diseases Laboratory and Center for Applied Isotope Studies for bromethalin and desmethyl-bromethalin quantitation. Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography, the laboratory detected bromethalin, a non-anticoagulant, single-dose rodenticide, in fecal samples from three subjects; half of these samples were also positive for desmethyl-bromethalin, bromethalin’s active metabolite. In three subjects that died, the UGA laboratory screened brain and liver samples and found bromethalin in all samples; desmethyl-bromethalin was detected in all but one brain sample, which was below the detection limit. Our findings suggest the conures are more resistant to bromethalin than are other species in which bromethalin has been studied, and/or that the conures may be ingesting the toxin at a sublethal dose. More data is needed to better assess the long-term effects of bromethalin on animals exposed at the subacute/chronic levels, and also to better understand the compartmentalization of bromethalin and desmethyl-bromethalin in a wider variety of species. Public Library of Science 2019-03-18 /pmc/articles/PMC6422264/ /pubmed/30883548 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213248 Text en © 2019 Van Sant et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Van Sant, Fern Hassan, Sayed M. Reavill, Drury McManamon, Rita Howerth, Elizabeth W. Seguel, Mauricio Bauer, Richard Loftis, Kathy M. Gregory, Christopher R. Ciembor, Paula G. Ritchie, Branson W. Evidence of bromethalin toxicosis in feral San Francisco “Telegraph Hill” conures |
title | Evidence of bromethalin toxicosis in feral San Francisco “Telegraph Hill” conures |
title_full | Evidence of bromethalin toxicosis in feral San Francisco “Telegraph Hill” conures |
title_fullStr | Evidence of bromethalin toxicosis in feral San Francisco “Telegraph Hill” conures |
title_full_unstemmed | Evidence of bromethalin toxicosis in feral San Francisco “Telegraph Hill” conures |
title_short | Evidence of bromethalin toxicosis in feral San Francisco “Telegraph Hill” conures |
title_sort | evidence of bromethalin toxicosis in feral san francisco “telegraph hill” conures |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6422264/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30883548 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213248 |
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