Kolaviron Protects the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus against Histomorphological and Neurobehavioural Changes in Cuprizone Model of Multiple Sclerosis

BACKGROUND: This study explored the efficacy of kolaviron—a biflavonoid complex isolated from the seeds of Garcinia kola—in protecting against cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelination in both the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus of Wistar rats. METHODOLOGY: Thirty rats were treated to receive 0.5 mL phosphate-buffered saline (group A, control), 0.5 mL corn oil (group B), 0.2% CPZ (group C), for 6 weeks, 0.2% CPZ for 3 weeks and then 200 mg/kg of Kv for 3 weeks (group D), or 200 mg/kg of Kv for 3 weeks followed by 0.2% CPZ for 3 weeks (group E). Rats were assessed for exploratory functions and anxiety-like behaviour before being euthanised and perfused transcardially with 4% paraformaldehyde. Prefrontal and hippocampal thin sections were stained in hematoxylin and eosin and cresyl fast violet stains. RESULTS: CPZ-induced demyelination resulted in behavioural impairment as seen by reduced exploratory activities, rearing behaviour, stretch attend posture, center square entry, and anxiogenic characteristics. Degenerative changes including pyknosis, karyorrhexis, neuronal hypertrophy, and reduced Nissl integrity were also seen. Animals treated with Kv showed significant improvement in behavioural outcomes and a comparatively normal cytoarchitectural profile. CONCLUSION: Kv provides protective roles against CPZ-induced neurotoxicity through prevention of ribosomal protein degradation.