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Structural plasticity of the hippocampus in response to estrogens in female rodents

It is well established that estrogens affect neuroplasticity in a number of brain regions. In particular, estrogens modulate and mediate spine and synapse formation as well as neurogenesis in the hippocampal formation. In this review, we discuss current research exploring the effects of estrogens on...

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Autores principales: Sheppard, Paul A. S., Choleris, Elena, Galea, Liisa A. M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6423800/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30885239
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13041-019-0442-7
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author Sheppard, Paul A. S.
Choleris, Elena
Galea, Liisa A. M.
author_facet Sheppard, Paul A. S.
Choleris, Elena
Galea, Liisa A. M.
author_sort Sheppard, Paul A. S.
collection PubMed
description It is well established that estrogens affect neuroplasticity in a number of brain regions. In particular, estrogens modulate and mediate spine and synapse formation as well as neurogenesis in the hippocampal formation. In this review, we discuss current research exploring the effects of estrogens on dendritic spine plasticity and neurogenesis with a focus on the modulating factors of sex, age, and pregnancy. Hormone levels, including those of estrogens, fluctuate widely across the lifespan from early life to puberty, through adulthood and into old age, as well as with pregnancy and parturition. Dendritic spine formation and modulation are altered both by rapid (likely non-genomic) and classical (genomic) actions of estrogens and have been suggested to play a role in the effects of estrogens on learning and memory. Neurogenesis in the hippocampus is influenced by age, the estrous cycle, pregnancy, and parity in female rodents. Furthermore, sex differences exist in hippocampal cellular and molecular responses to estrogens and are briefly discussed throughout. Understanding how structural plasticity in the hippocampus is affected by estrogens and how these effects can influence function and be influenced by other factors, such as experience and sex, is critical and can inform future treatments in conditions involving the hippocampus.
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spelling pubmed-64238002019-03-28 Structural plasticity of the hippocampus in response to estrogens in female rodents Sheppard, Paul A. S. Choleris, Elena Galea, Liisa A. M. Mol Brain Review It is well established that estrogens affect neuroplasticity in a number of brain regions. In particular, estrogens modulate and mediate spine and synapse formation as well as neurogenesis in the hippocampal formation. In this review, we discuss current research exploring the effects of estrogens on dendritic spine plasticity and neurogenesis with a focus on the modulating factors of sex, age, and pregnancy. Hormone levels, including those of estrogens, fluctuate widely across the lifespan from early life to puberty, through adulthood and into old age, as well as with pregnancy and parturition. Dendritic spine formation and modulation are altered both by rapid (likely non-genomic) and classical (genomic) actions of estrogens and have been suggested to play a role in the effects of estrogens on learning and memory. Neurogenesis in the hippocampus is influenced by age, the estrous cycle, pregnancy, and parity in female rodents. Furthermore, sex differences exist in hippocampal cellular and molecular responses to estrogens and are briefly discussed throughout. Understanding how structural plasticity in the hippocampus is affected by estrogens and how these effects can influence function and be influenced by other factors, such as experience and sex, is critical and can inform future treatments in conditions involving the hippocampus. BioMed Central 2019-03-18 /pmc/articles/PMC6423800/ /pubmed/30885239 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13041-019-0442-7 Text en © The Author(s). 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Review
Sheppard, Paul A. S.
Choleris, Elena
Galea, Liisa A. M.
Structural plasticity of the hippocampus in response to estrogens in female rodents
title Structural plasticity of the hippocampus in response to estrogens in female rodents
title_full Structural plasticity of the hippocampus in response to estrogens in female rodents
title_fullStr Structural plasticity of the hippocampus in response to estrogens in female rodents
title_full_unstemmed Structural plasticity of the hippocampus in response to estrogens in female rodents
title_short Structural plasticity of the hippocampus in response to estrogens in female rodents
title_sort structural plasticity of the hippocampus in response to estrogens in female rodents
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6423800/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30885239
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13041-019-0442-7
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